Ensuring Safety of Patients Receiving Sedation for Procedures: Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines

Gilbertson, 1999, Conscious sedation in special settings, Int Anesthesiol Clin, 37, 123, 10.1097/00004311-199903740-00012 1998, Clinical policy for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department, Ann Emerg Med, 31, 663, 10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70216-1 1992, Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (RE9252), Pediatrics, 89, 1110, 10.1542/peds.89.6.1110 1996, Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists, Anesthesiology, 84, 459, 10.1097/00000542-199602000-00029 Society of Nuclear Medicine: Procedure guideline for pediatric sedation in nuclear medicine. Society of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guidelines (version 2), Feb 15, 1999. <www.guidelines.gov>. Kortbawi, 1997, Developing a conscious sedation program: From policy development through quality improvement, Gastroenterol Nurs, 20, 34, 10.1097/00001610-199703000-00002 Perrin, 1997, Penta, BA, Patton SB: Designing a conscious sedation program. A collaborative approach, Crit Care Nurs Clin of North Am, 9, 251, 10.1016/S0899-5885(18)30254-5 Kao, 1999, A survey of post-discharge side effects of conscious sedation using chloral hydrate in pediatric CT and MR imaging, Pediatr Radiol, 29, 287, 10.1007/s002470050590 Karl, 1999, An analysis of age- and procedure-related factors, Pediatr Emerg Care, 15, 167, 10.1097/00006565-199906000-00001 Karian, 1999, Sedation for pediatric radiological procedures: Analysis of potential causes of sedation failure and paradoxical reactions, Pediatr Radiol, 29, 869, 10.1007/s002470050715 Malviya, 1997, Adverse events and risk factors associated with the sedation of children by nonanesthesiologists, Anesth Analg, 85, 1207, 10.1213/00000539-199712000-00005 Egalhoff, 1997, Safety and efficacy of sedation in children using a structured sedation program, Am J Roentgenol, 168, 12591262 ASA Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists, American Society of Anesthesiologists: Guidelines for Sedation and Analgesia by Non-anesthesiologists, Park Ridge, IL, 1995. SPSS, Inc: SPSS for Windows, Release 6.1. Chicago, 1994. Malviya, 2000, Prolonged recovery and delayed side effects of sedation for diagnostic imaging studies in children, Pediatrics, 105, E42, 10.1542/peds.105.3.e42 Lipshitz, 1993, Sandars ST: Chloral hydrate side effects in young children: Causes and management, Heart Lung, 22, 408 Coté, 2000, Adverse sedation events in pediatrics: A critical incident analysis of contributing factors, Pediatrics, 105, 805814 Maxwell, 1996, The myth of conscious sedation, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, 665, 10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170320011001 American Society of Anesthesiologists: Board of directors annual meeting summary. Park Ridge, IL, Oct 1999, <www.asahq.org>. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations: Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals: The Official Handbook. Oakbrook Terrace, IL, 2000. Pruitt, 1985, Guidelines for elective use of conscious sedation, deep sedation, and general anesthesia in patient. Committee on Drugs, Section on Anesthesiology, American Academy of Pediatrics., Pediatrics, 76, 317, 10.1542/peds.76.2.317 National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Nursing Department. Standard of practice: Care of the patient receiving conscious sedation. Feb 17, 1998, <www.nih.gov/nursing>. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry: Guidelines for the elective use of conscious sedation, deep sedation, and general anesthesia in pediatric dental patients, May 1998, <www.aapd.org/memberinfo>. American Nurses Association Board of Directors: Endorsement of position statement of the role of the registered nurse (RN) in the management of patients receiving conscious sedation for short-term therapeutic, diagnostic, or surgical procedures. <www.nursingworld.org/readroom/position/joint/jtsedate.htm>. Innes, 1999, Procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: Canadian consensus guidelines, J Emerg Med, 17, 145, 10.1016/S0736-4679(98)00135-8 Iverson, 1999, Sedation and analgesia in ambulatory settings. American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia in Ambulatory Settings, Plast Reconstr Surg, 104, 1559, 10.1097/00006534-199910000-00055 Knape, 1999, Guideline for administration of sedatives and analgesics by physicians who are not anesthesiologists. National Organization for Quality Assurance in Hospitals, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 143, 1098 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry: Policy statement on the use of deep sedation and general anesthesia in the pediatric dental office. May 1999, <www.aapd.org/memberinfo>. 1999, Sedation and analgesia, Gastroenterol Nurs, 22, 29, 10.1097/00001610-199901000-00011 Gilbertson, 1999, Hospital standards and requirements, Int Anesthesiol Clin, 37, 1 Landrum, 1997, Conscious sedation in the endoscopy setting, Crit Care Nurs Clin of North Am, 9, 355, 10.1016/S0899-5885(18)30262-4 Kixmiller, 1997, Schick L:Conscious sedation in cardiovascular procedures, Crit Care Nurs Clin of North Am, 9, 301, 10.1016/S0899-5885(18)30258-2 Kost, 1998, 271–272, 100 Yaster, 1997, Pediatric Pain Management and Sedation Handbook, 32 Krauss, 1999, 232