Enlarging the scale of BEVs through environmental zoning to reduce GHG emissions: A case study for the city of Hamburg

Aichinger, 2014, Elektromobilität im städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehr Aichinger, 2015, Elektromobilität in der kommunalen Umsetzung Bellocchi, 2019, On the role of electric vehicles towards low-carbon energy systems: Italy and Germany in comparison, Applied Energy, 255 BMUB, Bundesministerium für Umwelt, 2016 BMVI, Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur, 2014. Verkehrsverflechtungsprognose 2030. Schlussbericht. BMVI, Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur, 2016 Boogaard, 2012, Impact of low emission zones and local traffic policies on ambient air pollution concentrations, Science of the Total Environment, 435, 132, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.089 Bozem, 2013 Braun, 2014 BUE, Behörde für Umwelt und Energie Hamburg Bürgerschaft der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg, 2015 Canals Casals, 2016, Sustainability analysis of the electric vehicle use in Europe for CO2 emissions reduction, Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 425, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.120 Cavallaro, 2018, Should BEVs be subsidized or taxed? A European perspective based on the economic value of CO2 emissions, Transportation Research Part: Transport and Environment, 64, 70, 10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.017 Co2online gBmbH De Borger, 2013, Traffic externalities in cities: The economics of speed bumps, low emission zones and city bypasses, Journal of Urban Economics, 76, 53, 10.1016/j.jue.2013.02.004 Die Bundesregierung, 2009 Dünnebeil, 2004 Ellison, 2013, Five years of London's emission zone: Effects on vehicle fleet composition and air quality, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 23, 25, 10.1016/j.trd.2013.03.010 Ferreira, 2015, Air quality improvements following implementation of Lisbon's low emission zone, Atmospheric Environment, 122, 373, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.064 FHH, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, 2013, Mobilitätsprogramm 2013 FHH, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg Flämig, 2016, Impacts of planning and policy strategies on freight flows in urban areas, 693 Grausam, 2015 Holman, 2015, Review of the efficacy of low emission zones to improve urban air quality in European cities, Atmospheric Environment, 111, 161, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.009 Kamiya, 2019, Modeling the GHG emissions intensity of plug-in electric vehicle using short-term and log-term perspectives, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 69, 209, 10.1016/j.trd.2019.01.027 KBA, Kraftfahrtbundesamt, 2016 KBA, Kraftfahrtbundesamt, 2016 KBA, Kraftfahrtbundesamt, 2018 KBA, Kraftfahrtbundesamt KBA, Kraftfahrtbundesamt Leifheit, 2016 Lindberg, 2015, Policy strategies for vehicle electrification Lutz, 2009 Ma, 2012, A new comparison between the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of battery electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles, Energy Policy, 44, 160, 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.01.034 Michiels, 2012, Exploring the transition to a clean vehicle fleet: From stakeholder views to transport policy implications, Transport Policy, 22, 70, 10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.05.006 MiD, Mobilität in Deutschland (mobility in Germany), 2008. Nakamura, 2013, Strategies and instruments for low-carbon urban transport: An international review on trends and effects, Transport Policy, 29, 264, 10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.07.003 Nitsch, 2016 Ou, 2010, Scenario analysis on alternative fuel/vehicle for China's future road transport: Life-cycle energy demand and GHG emissions, Energy Policy, 38, 3943, 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.018 Rasch, 2013, Signifikante Minderung von Ruß und der Anzahl ultrafeiner Partikel in der Außenluft als Folge der Umweltzone in Leipzig, Gefahrstoffe-Reinhaltung der Luft, 2013, 11 Rauterberg-Wulff, 2011 Schaufenster Elektromobilität (Begleit- und Wirkungsforschung Schaufenster Elektromobilität), 2015 Schott, 2012 Schüle, 2013 Shell, 2016 Sun, 2018, Locating charging stations for electric vehicles, Transport Policy. UBA, Umweltbundesamt, 2016, Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 2016c UBA, Umweltbundesamt United Nations Velázquez-Martínez, 2016, A new statistical method of assigning vehicles to delivery areas for CO2 emissions reduction, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 43, 133, 10.1016/j.trd.2015.12.009 Wen, L., Eglese, R., 2016. Minimizing CO2e emissions by setting a road toll. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 44 (2016): 1–13. Wermuth, 2012, Kraftfahrzeugverkehr in Deutschland 2010. (KiD 2010) Woo, 2017, Well-to-wheel analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for electric vehicles based on electricity generation mix: A global perspective, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 51, 340, 10.1016/j.trd.2017.01.005 Wu, 2017, Traffic and emissions impact of congestion charging in the Central Beijing urban area: A simulation analysis, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 51, 203, 10.1016/j.trd.2016.06.005 Wuppertal Institute, 2012, Analyse der Messdaten zum Betrieb und zur Ladung von Elektrofahrzeugen Zhao, 2017, Projected pathways and environmental impact of China's electrified passenger vehicles, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53, 334, 10.1016/j.trd.2017.04.007 Zhou, 2017, Life cycle GHG emissions and lifetime costs of medium-duty diesel and battery electric trucks in Toronto, Canada, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 55, 91, 10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.019