Enhancing frequency stability by integrating non-conventional power sources through multi-terminal HVDC grid

Ayman B. Attya1, José Luis Domínguez-García2, F.D. Bianchi2, Olimpo Anaya-Lara2
1Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
2IREC Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 2a, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Spain

Tài liệu tham khảo

Energy roadmap 2050. Tech rep, European Union; 2012. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2833/10759. EWEA. Eu energy policy to 2050: Achieving 80-95% emission reductions, Tech report., European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) (March 2011). URL <http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/reports/EWEA_EU_Energy_Policy_to_2050.pdf>. EWEA, The european wind initiative: wind power research and development for the next ten years. Tech report, European Wind Energy Association (EWEA); 2010. <http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/EWI/EWI_2010_final.pdf>. Arapogianni A, Moccia J, Wilkes J. The European offshore wind industry - key trends and statistics 2012. Tech rep, European Wind Energy Association; 2013. Pineda I. The European offshore wind industry - key trends and statistics 2015. Tech rep, European Wind Energy Association; 2016. King R. Electrical transmission system for large offshore wind farms. PhD thesis, Cardiff University; 2011. Gordon, 2006, SuperGrid to the rescue, IET Power Eng, 20, 30, 10.1049/pe:20060505 Van Hertem, 2010, Multi-terminal VSC HVDC for the European supergrid: obstacles, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 3156, 10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.068 Northconnect interconnector converter station and high voltage alternating current cable route. Non-technical summary 1, NorthConnect; 2015. <http://www.northconnect.no/files/NorthConnect-ES-Volume-1-Non-Technical-Summary1.pdf>. Tsili, 2009, A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms, IET Renew Power Gener, 3, 308, 10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0070 ENTSO-E. Network code for requirements for grid connection applicable to all generator; 2013. ENTSO-E, Draft network code on high voltage direct current connection and DC–connected power park modules; Apr. 2014. Red Eléctrica de España, P.O. 12.2: installations connected to transmission networks: minimum requirements for design, equipment, operation and commissioning. In: Official State Gazette (BOE), no. 51, Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism, Spain; 2005. p. 7416–23 [in Spanish]. Morren, 2006, Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control, IEEE Trans Power Syst, 21, 433, 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.861956 Attya, 2013, Control and quantification of kinetic energy released by wind farms during power system frequency drops, IET Renew Power Gener, 7, 210, 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0163 Fischer, 2016, Operational experiences with inertial response provided by type 4 wind turbines, IET Renew Power Gener, 10, 17, 10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0137 Ramtharan, 2007, Frequency support from doubly fed induction generator wind turbines, IET Renew Power Gener, 1, 3, 10.1049/iet-rpg:20060019 Attya, 2014, Wind turbine contribution in frequency drop mitigation-modified operation and estimating released supportive energy, IET Gener, Transmiss Distrib, 8, 862, 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0512 Ullah, 2008, Temporary primary frequency control support by variable speed wind turbines – potential and applications, IEEE Trans Power Syst, 23, 601, 10.1109/TPWRS.2008.920076 Attya, 2015, Integrating battery banks to wind farms for frequency support provision-capacity sizing and support algorithms, AIP J Renew Sustain Energy, 7, 053125, 10.1063/1.4934804 Díaz-González, 2015, Coordinated operation of wind turbines and flywheel storage for primary frequency control support, Int J Electr Power Energy Syst, 68, 313, 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.12.062 Dai, 2012, Coordinated primary frequency control among non-synchronous systems connected by a multi-terminal high-voltage direct current grid, IET Gener Transm Distrib, 6, 99, 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0312 Martinez Sanz, 2015, Inertial response from offshore wind farms connected through DC grids, IEEE Trans Power Syst, 30, 1518, 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2349739 Bianchi, 2016, Coordinated frequency control using MT-HVDC grids with wind power plants, IEEE Trans Sustain Energy, 7, 213, 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2488098 Jiebei, 2014, Generic inertia emulation controller for multi-terminal voltage-source-converter high voltage direct current systems, IET Renew Power Gener, 8, 740, 10.1049/iet-rpg.2014.0109 Junyent Ferre, 2014, Blending HVDC-link energy storage and offshore wind turbine inertia for fast frequency response, IEEE Trans Sustain Energy, 6, 1059, 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2360147 Ye, 2013, High wind power penetration in isolated power systems - assessment of wind inertial and primary frequency responses, IEEE Trans Power Syst, 28, 2412, 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2240466 Attya AB, Anaya-Lara O, Leithead WE. Novel metrics to quantify the impacts of frequency support provision methods by wind power. In: 2016 IEEE PES innovative smart grid technologies conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); 2016. p. 1–6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2016.7856322. CIGRE. Guide for the development of models for HVDC converters in a HVDC grid, Tech. rep., Working Group B4.57, Cigré; 2015. GAMESA. Gamesa 2.0–2.5 mw: technological evolution, Online Brochure; September 2015. Attya AB, Hartkopf T. Evaluation of wind turbines dynamic model parameters using published manufacturer product data. In: IEEE international energy conference and exhibition (ENERGYCON); 2012. p. 184–8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EnergyCon.2012.6347748. EU FP7: AEOLUS, Simplified NREL5MW turbine for simulink, online: http://www.ict-aeolus.eu/SimWindFarm/index.html. <http://www.ict-aeolus.eu/SimWindFarm/index.html>. Singh M, Muljadi E, Jonkman J, Gevorgian V, Girsang I, Dhupia J. Simulation for Wind Turbine Generators – With FAST and MATLAB-Simulink Modules. Tech Rep NREL/TP-5D00-59195, NREL, Golden, Colorado, USA; 2014.