Enhanced expression of glucose transporter-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells via the Akt/tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ribosomal S6 protein kinase (S6K) pathway in experimental renal failure

Foley, 1998, Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease, Am J Kidney Dis, 32, S112, 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9820470 Schiffrin, 2007, Chronic kidney disease: effects on the cardiovascular system, Circulation, 116, 85, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678342 Shao, 2006, Molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification: lessons learned from the aorta, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 26, 1423, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000220441.42041.20 Shanahan, 1999, Medial localization of mineralization-regulating proteins in association with Monckeberg's sclerosis: evidence for smooth muscle cell-mediated vascular calcification, Circulation, 100, 2168, 10.1161/01.CIR.100.21.2168 Lehto, 1996, Medial artery calcification, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 16, 978, 10.1161/01.ATV.16.8.978 Creager, 2003, Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I, Circulation, 108, 1527, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091257.27563.32 Mazzone, 2008, Cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from mechanistic studies, Lancet, 371, 1800, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60768-0 Hattori, 2000, High-glucose-induced nuclear factor kappaB activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, Cardiovasc Res, 46, 188, 10.1016/S0008-6363(99)00425-3 Srivastava, 2001, Hyperglycemia-induced protein kinase signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells: implications in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in diabetes, Adv Exp Med Biol, 498, 311, 10.1007/978-1-4615-1321-6_39 Igarashi, 1999, Glucose or diabetes activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase via different pathways, J Clin Invest, 103, 185, 10.1172/JCI3326 Amiri, 1999, Hyperglycemia enhances angiotensin II-induced Janus-activated kinase/STAT signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells, J Biol Chem, 274, 32382, 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32382 Suzuki, 2001, Diabetes accelerates smooth muscle accumulation in lesions of atherosclerosis: lack of direct growth-promoting effects of high glucose levels, Diabetes, 50, 851, 10.2337/diabetes.50.4.851 White, 2003, Insulin signaling in health and disease, Science, 302, 1710, 10.1126/science.1092952 Avena, 1998, The additive effects of glucose and insulin on the proliferation of infragenicular vascular smooth muscle cells, J Vasc Surg, 28, 1033, 10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70029-1 Hruz, 2001, Structural analysis of the GLUT1 facilitative glucose transporter (review), Mol Membr Biol, 18, 183, 10.1080/09687680110072140 Kaiser, 1993, Differential regulation of glucose transport and transporters by glucose in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, Diabetes, 42, 80, 10.2337/diab.42.1.80 Buller, 2008, A GSK-3/TSC2/mTOR pathway regulates glucose uptake and GLUT1 glucose transporter expression, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 295, C836, 10.1152/ajpcell.00554.2007 Loberg, 2002, Enhanced glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity mediates hypoxia-induced apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and is prevented by glucose transport and metabolism, J Biol Chem, 277, 41667, 10.1074/jbc.M206405200 Vesely, 2009, GLUT1-induced cFLIP expression promotes proliferation and prevents apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 297, C759, 10.1152/ajpcell.00213.2009 Zhou, 2005, Increased JNK phosphorylation and oxidative stress in response to increased glucose flux through increased GLUT1 expression in rat retinal endothelial cells, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 46, 3403, 10.1167/iovs.04-1064 Hall, 2001, Upregulation of glucose metabolism during intimal lesion formation is coupled to the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, Diabetes, 50, 1171, 10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1171 Chen, 2006, High glucose increases the expression of Cbfa1 and BMP-2 and enhances the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21, 3435, 10.1093/ndt/gfl429 Rufino, 2008, The GLUT-1 XbaI gene polymorphism is associated with vascular calcifications in nondiabetic uremic patients, Nephron Clin Pract, 108, c182, 10.1159/000118940 Proud, 2011, MTOR signalling in health and disease, Biochem Soc Trans, 39, 431, 10.1042/BST0390431 Chamberlain, 2007, Time course of the renal functional response to partial nephrectomy: measurements in conscious rats, Exp Physiol, 92, 251, 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.034751 Finch, 2010, Effect of paricalcitol and Cinacalcet on serum phosphate, FGF-23, and bone in rats with chronic kidney disease, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 298, F1315, 10.1152/ajprenal.00552.2009 Remmele, 1987, [Recommendation for uniform definition of an immunoreactive score (IRS) for immunohistochemical estrogen receptor detection (ER-ICA) in breast cancer tissue], Pathologe, 8, 138 Yamamoto, 2006, Indoxyl sulfate stimulates proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells, Kidney Int, 69, 1780, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000340 Weiss, 2000, p21(Waf1/Cip1) is an assembly factor required for platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, J Biol Chem, 275, 10285, 10.1074/jbc.275.14.10285 Mercer, 2005, Endogenous p53 protects vascular smooth muscle cells from apoptosis and reduces atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice, Circ Res, 96, 667, 10.1161/01.RES.0000161069.15577.ca Amann, 1997, Aortic changes in experimental renal failure: hyperplasia or hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells?, Hypertension, 29, 770, 10.1161/01.HYP.29.3.770 Cai, 2001, Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiomyopathy: a brief review, Cardiovasc Toxicol, 1, 181, 10.1385/CT:1:3:181 Park, 2004, GLUT1-deficient mice exhibit impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, Eur J Pharmacol, 496, 213, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.06.022 Liao, 2002, Cardiac-specific overexpression of GLUT1 prevents the development of heart failure attributable to pressure overload in mice, Circulation, 106, 2125, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000034049.61181.F3 Luptak, 2007, Long-term effects of increased glucose entry on mouse hearts during normal aging and ischemic stress, Circulation, 116, 901, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.691253 Adhikari, 2011, Increase in GLUT1 in smooth muscle alters vascular contractility and increases inflammation in response to vascular injury, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 31, 86, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.215004 Muteliefu, 2009, Indoxyl sulfate promotes proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells by inducing oxidative stress, J Ren Nutr, 19, 29, 10.1053/j.jrn.2008.10.014 Lin, 2000, GLUT-1 reduces hypoxia-induced apoptosis and JNK pathway activation, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 278, E958, 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.5.E958 Proudfoot, 2000, Apoptosis regulates human vascular calcification in vitro: evidence for initiation of vascular calcification by apoptotic bodies, Circ Res, 87, 1055, 10.1161/01.RES.87.11.1055 Zhou, 2008, Akt substrate TBC1D1 regulates GLUT1 expression through the mTOR pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Biochem J, 411, 647, 10.1042/BJ20071084