Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from turf management of two Swedish golf courses

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening - Tập 21 - Trang 80-87 - 2017
Pernilla Tidåker1, Therese Wesström2, Thomas Kätterer3
1Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Box 7033, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
2South Pole Group, Waterfront Building, Klarabergsviadukten 63, 101 23 Stockholm, Sweden
3Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

Tài liệu tham khảo

Andrén, 2001, Basic principles for soil carbon sequestration and calculating dynamic country-level balances including future scenarios, 495 Andrén, 2008, Soil C balances in Swedish agricultural soils 1990–2004, with preliminary projections, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 81, 129, 10.1007/s10705-008-9177-z Bartlett, 2011, A model of greenhouse gas emissions from the management of turf on two golf courses, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 1357, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.041 Boldrin, 2011, Environmental assessment of garden waste management in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, Waste Manag., 31, 1560, 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.010 Bolinder, 2010, Long-term soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forage-based crop rotations in Northern Sweden (63–64°N), Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 138, 335, 10.1016/j.agee.2010.06.009 Brentrup, 2008, GHG emissions and energy efficiency in European nitrogen fertiliser production and use, Proceedings 639, The International Fertiliser Society Caple, 2008, A pilot study into the use of fossil fuels in golf courses maintenance operations under Swedish conditions Ericsson, 2012, Demand-driven fertilization. Part 1. Nitrogen productivity in four high-maintenance turf grass species, Acta Agric. Scand Sec. B Soil Plant Sci., 62, 113 European Commission, 2007. Communication from the Commission to the European Council and the European Parliament, An energy policy for Europe COM (2007) 1 final 10.1.200. Brussels. Gode, J., Martinsson, F., Hagberg, L., Öman, A., Höglund, J., Palm, D., 2011. Miljöfaktaboken 2011. Estimated emission factors for fuels, electricity, heat and transport in Sweden. Värmeforsk. Gu, 2015, The effects of household management practices on the global warming potential of urban lawns, J. Environ. Manag., 151, 233, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.008 IPCC, 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Eggleston, S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., Tanabe, K., (Eds.), IGES, Japan. IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press Cambridge and New York, NY, pp. 212. ISO, 2006. Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and framework. ISO 14040. Kätterer, 1998, Growth and nitrogen dynamics of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) subjected to daily fertilization and irrigation in the field, Field Crops Res., 55, 153, 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00075-0 Kätterer, 2008, Long-term impact of chronosequential land use change on soil carbon stocks on a Swedish farm, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 81, 145, 10.1007/s10705-007-9156-9 Kätterer, 2011, Roots contribute more to refractory soil organic matter than above-ground crop residues as revealed by a long-term field experiment, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 141, 184, 10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.029 Kätterer, T., Bolinder, M.A., Thorvaldsson, G., Kirchmann, H., 2013. Influence of ley-arable systems on soil carbon stocks in Northern Europe and Eastern Canada. In: Helgadóttir, A., Hopkins, A., (Eds.), The Role of Grasslands in a Green Future – Threats and Perspectives in Less Favoured Areas. Proceedings of the 17th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Akureyri, Iceland, 23–26 June 2013. Grassland Science in Europe, Vol. 18, pp. 47–56. ISBN 978-9979-881-20-9. Kong, 2014, Carbon emission and sequestration of urban turfgrass systems in Hong Kong, Sci. Total Environ., 473–474, 132, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.012 Kool, A., Marinussen, M., Bonk, H., 2012. LCI data for the calculation tool Feedprint for greenhouse gas emissions of feed production and utilization. GHG emissions of N, P and K fertilizer production. Blonk Consultants. Kopp, 2002, Clipping management and nitrogen fertilization of turfgrass: growth, nitrogen utilization, and quality, Crop Sci., 42, 1225, 10.2135/cropsci2002.1225 Li, 2013, Nitrous oxide production in turfgrass systems: effects of soil properties and grass clipping recycling, Appl. Soil Ecol., 67, 61, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.03.002 Poeplau, 2013, Sensitivity of soil organic stocks and fractions to different land-use changes across Europe, Geoderma, 192, 189, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.003 Poeplau, 2016, Effect of grassland cutting frequency on soil carbon storage – a case study on public lawns in three Swedish cities, Soil, 2, 175, 10.5194/soil-2-175-2016 Qian, 2002, Turfgrass. Assessing soil carbon sequestration in turfgrass systems using long-term soil testing data, Agron. J., 94, 930, 10.2134/agronj2002.9300 Qian, 2012, Carbon dynamics and sequestration in urban turfgrass ecosystems Röös, 2013 Selhorst, 2011, Carbon budgeting in golf course soils of Central Ohio, Urban Ecosyst., 14, 771, 10.1007/s11252-011-0168-5 Selhorst, 2013, Net carbon sequestration potential and emissions in home lawn turfgrasses of the United States, Environ. Manag., 51, 198, 10.1007/s00267-012-9967-6 Statistics Sweden, 2013. Land use in Sweden. Sixth edition. Official statistics of Sweden. Örebro. Tanner, 2005, Effects of golf courses on local biodiversity, Landscape Urban Plan., 71, 137, 10.1016/S0169-2046(04)00034-9 Tidåker, 2016, Estimating the environmental footprint of barley with improved nitrogen uptake efficiency – a Swedish scenario study, Eur. J. Agron., 80, 45, 10.1016/j.eja.2016.06.013 Townsend-Small, 2010, Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in urban turf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02707 Wang, 2014, Turfgrass management duration and intensities influence soil microbial dynamics and carbon sequestration, Int. J. Agric. Biol., 16, 139 Wesström, 2015, Energy use and carbon footprint from lawn management. A case study in the Uppsala region of Sweden Zirkle, 2011, Modeling carbon sequestration in home lawns, HortScience, 46, 808, 10.21273/HORTSCI.46.5.808