Chi Phí Năng Lượng Của Việc Cắt Đá

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory - Tập 26 - Trang 561-580 - 2018
Ana Mateos1, Marcos Terradillos-Bernal2, Jesús Rodríguez1
1National Research Center On Human Evolution (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
2Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Internacional Isabel I de Castilla, Burgos, Spain

Tóm tắt

Việc sản xuất và sử dụng công cụ đá được coi là những thích nghi chính trong tiến hóa của con người. Sự hiểu biết về các đặc điểm sinh cơ học và những ràng buộc giải phẫu của các loài hominin trong quá trình sản xuất công cụ đá đã nhận được sự chú ý ngày càng nhiều trong những năm gần đây. Tương tự, nghiên cứu về khả năng nhận thức và độ phức tạp trong việc thao tác chế tạo công cụ đang được tiến hành. Tuy nhiên, dữ liệu về các ràng buộc sinh lý học cổ đại trong việc cắt đá vẫn còn hạn chế. Sự cân bằng giữa việc thu nhận năng lượng và tiêu tốn năng lượng là một yếu tố chính để xác định mức độ khỏe mạnh của bất kỳ cá nhân nào, và việc cắt đá là cần thiết cho việc thu thập tài nguyên trong bất kỳ xã hội Đá cũ nào. Vì vậy, sự kết hợp giữa các phân tích năng lượng và khảo cổ học thực nghiệm cung cấp một công cụ tuyệt vời để cải thiện sự hiểu biết của chúng ta về các hành vi tiền sử. Tại đây, chúng tôi trình bày nghiên cứu thực nghiệm về năng lượng trong quá trình sản xuất công cụ đá với sự tham gia của chín đối tượng có kinh nghiệm. Mỗi đối tượng đã sản xuất ba công cụ tay thông qua hai phương pháp gõ, là gõ cứng và gõ mềm, trong tổng số 27 thử nghiệm chế tạo công cụ. Tất cả những người làm công cụ đã được mô tả thông qua các dữ liệu hình thể của họ và mức tiêu tốn năng lượng của họ đã được theo dõi trong một quy trình đo năng lượng gián tiếp từng nhịp thở. Do việc cắt đá được coi là một hoạt động cường độ nhẹ, dựa trên giá trị MET (Chỉ số Tương đương Chuyển hóa của Cường độ), kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy một số khác biệt trong mức tiêu tốn năng lượng ròng giữa việc cắt đá bằng gõ cứng và gõ mềm trong quá trình cấu hình một công cụ tay. Hơn nữa, kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy chỉ số bắp tay của các đối tượng đại diện cho một ràng buộc giải phẫu đối với việc cắt đá vì cánh tay ngắn hơn làm giảm mức tiêu tốn năng lượng trong quá trình gõ và tạo ra lợi thế trong quá trình sản xuất công cụ tay. Những khác biệt trong hiệu quả năng lượng của việc cắt đá, ngay cả khi thấp, có thể tăng cường sức sống chung của cá nhân và thực sự, khả năng sinh tồn của họ.

Từ khóa

#công cụ đá #cắt đá #sinh lý học #năng lượng #khảo cổ học thực nghiệm

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