Endophytic and canker-associated Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on non-native Eucalyptus and native Myrtaceae trees in Uruguay

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 41 - Trang 53-69 - 2010
C. A. Pérez1,2, M. J. Wingfield3, B. Slippers3, N. A. Altier4, R. A. Blanchette1
1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
2Departamento de Protección Vegetal, EEMAC, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay
3Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
4Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Canelones, Uruguay

Tóm tắt

Species of the Botryosphaeriaceae are important pathogens causing cankers and die-back on many woody plants. In Uruguay, Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum, N. ribis and B. dothidea have previously been associated with stem cankers on plantation-grown Eucalyptus globulus. However, very little is known regarding the occurrence and species diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae in native Myrtaceae forests or what their relationship is to those species infecting Eucalyptus in plantations. The objectives of this study were to identify the Botryosphaeriaceae species present as endophytes or associated with cankers in both introduced and native tree hosts in Uruguay, and to test the pathogenicity of selected isolates obtained from native trees on Eucalyptus. Symptomatic and asymptomatic material was collected countrywide from Eucalyptus plantations and native Myrtaceae trees. Single spore cultures were identified based on conidial morphology and comparisons of DNA sequences of the ITS and EF1-α regions. Six Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified. Botryosphaeria dothidea, N. eucalyptorum and specimens residing in the N. parvum-N. ribis complex were isolated from both introduced Eucalyptus and native Myrtaceae trees, whereas Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae was found only on Myrcianthes pungens. Diplodia pseudoseriata sp. nov. and Spencermartinsia uruguayensis sp. nov. are novel species found only on native myrtaceous hosts. Pathogenicity tests showed that isolates obtained from native trees and identified as L. pseudotheobromae, N. eucalyptorum and the N. parvum-N.ribis complex are pathogenic to E. grandis. Interestingly, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae has not previously been found on Eucalyptus in Uruguay and represents a potential threat to this host.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alonso R (2004) Estudio de Botryosphaeria spp. en Eucalyptus globulus en Uruguay: endofitismo o patogenicidad? (Studies of Botryosphaeria spp. in Eucalyptus globulus in Uruguay: endophytism or pathogenicity?). Tesis de Maestría en Biología. PEDECIBA, Uruguay, p 52 Alves A, Crous PW, Correia A, Phillips AJL (2008) Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic speciation in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Fungal Divers 28:1–13 Balmelli G, Resquin F (2005) Efecto de enfermedades del fuste en Eucalyptus globulus. Revista Forestal 27:9–14 Balmelli G, Marroni V, Altier N, Garcia R (2004) Potencial del mejoramiento genético para el manejo de enfermedades en Eucalyptus globulus. INIA, Serie Técnica, 143 Barber P, Burgués T, Hardy G, Slippers B, Keane P, Wingfield M (2005) Botryosphaeria species from Eucalyptus in Australia are pleoanamorphic, producing Dichomera synanamorphs in culture. Mycol Res 109:1347–1363 Barnard E, Geary T, English J, Gilly S (1987) Basal cankers and coppice failure of Eucalyptus grandis in Florida. Plant Dis 71:358–361 Bettucci L, Alonso R (1997) A comparative study of fungal populations in healthy and symptomatic twigs of Eucalyptus grandis in Uruguay. Mycol Res 101:1060–1064 Bettucci L, Simeto S, Alonso R, Lupo S (2004) Endophytic fungi of twigs and leaves of three native species of Myrtaceae in Uruguay. Sydowia 56:8–23 Brussa CA, Grela IA (2007) Flora arbórea del Uruguay con énfasis en las especies de Rivera y Tacuarembo. COFUSA. Mosca. Montevideo, Uruguay, p 543 Burgess T, Barber P, Hardy G (2005) Botryosphaeria spp. associated with eucalypts in Western Australia, including the description of Fusicoccum macroclavatum sp. nov. Australas Plant Pathol 34:557–567 Burgess TI, Sakalidis ML, Hardy GEStJ (2006) Gene flow of the canker pathogen Botryosphaeria australis between Eucalyptus globulus plantation and native eucalypt forests in Western Australia. Austral Ecology 31:559–566 Coutinho T, Wingfield MJ, Alfenas A, Crous P (1998) Eucalyptus rust: a disease with the potential for serious international implications. Plant Dis 82:819–825 Curlevski NJA, Chambers SM, Anderson IC, Cairney JWG (2009) Identical genotypes of an ericoid mycorrhiza-forming fungus occur in roots of Epacris pulchella (Ericaceae) and Leptospermum polygalifolium (Myrtaceae) in an Australian sclerophyll forest. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 67:411–420 Desprez-Loustau ML, Marcais B, Nageleisen LM, Piou D, Vannini A (2006) Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees. Ann For Sci 63:597–612 De Wet J, Slippers B, Preisig O, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ (2008) Phylogeny of the Botryosphaeriaceae reveals patterns of host association. Mol Phylogenet Evol 46:116–126 Duong LM, Jeewon R, Lumyong S, Hyde KD (2006) DGGE coupled with ribosomal DNA phylogenies reveal uncharacterized fungal phylotypes on living leaves of Magnolia liliifera. Fungal Divers 23:121–138 Farris JS, Kallersjo M, Kluge AG, Bult C (1995) Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics 10:315–319 Gomez KA, Gomez AA (1984) Statistical procedures for agricultural research, 2nd edn. Wiley Interscience, USA, p 680 Guo LD, Hyde KD, Liew ECY (2000) Identification of endophytic fungi from Livistonia chinensis based on morphology and rDNA sequences. New Phytol 147:617–630 Guo LD, Hyde KD, Liew ECD (2001) Detection and taxonomic placement of endophytic fungi within frond tissues of Livistona chinensis based on rDNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 20:1–13 Gure A, Slippers B, Stenlid J (2005) Seed-borne Botryosphaeria spp. from native Prunus and Podocarpus trees in Ethiopia, with a description of the anamorph Diplodia rosulata sp. nov. Mycol Res 109:1005–1014 Hillis DM, Bull JJ (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Syst Biol 42:142–152 Huang WY, Cai YZ, Hyde KD, Corke H, Sun M (2008) Biodiversity of endophytic fungi associated with 29 traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Fungal Divers 33:61–75 Huelsenbeck JP, Bull JJ, Cunningham CW (1996) Combining data in phylogenetic analysis. TREE 11:152–158 Hyde KD, Soytong K (2008) The fungal endophyte dilemma. Fungal Divers 33:163–173 Katoh K, Kuma K, Toh H, Miyata T (2005) MAFFT version 5: improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. Nucleic Acids Res 33:511–518 Lazzizera C, Frisullo S, Alves A, Lopes J, Phillips AJL (2008) Phylogeny and morphology of Diplodia species on olives in southern Italy and description of Diplodia olivarum sp. nov. Fungal Divers 31:63–71 Mohali S, Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ (2005) Diversity and host association of the tropical tree endophyte Lasiodiplodia theobromae revealed using simple sequence repeat markers. Forest Pathol 35:385–396 Mohali S, Slippers B, Wingfield M (2007) Identification of Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus, Acacia, and Pinus in Venezuela. Fungal Divers 25:103–125 Mohali S, Slippers B, Wingfield M (2009) Pathogenicity of seven species of Botryosphaeriaceae on Eucalyptus clones in Venezuela. Australas Plant Pathol 38:135–140 Müllen JM, Gilliam CH, Hagen AK, Morgan Jones G (1991) Lasiodiplodia theobromae cancer of dogwood, a disease influenced by drought stress or cultivar selection. Plant Dis 75:886–889 Nikolcheva LG, Bärlocher F (2005) Seasonal and substrate preferences of fungi colonizing leaves in streams: traditional versus molecular evidence. Environ Microbiol 7:270–280 Nilsson RH, Ryberg M, Abarenkov K, Sjökvist E, Kristiansson E (2009) The ITS region as a target for characterization of fungal communities using emergent sequencing technologies. FEMS Microbiol Lett 296:97–101 Nylander JA (2004) MrModeltest v2.2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala Old K, Davison E (2000) Canker diseases of eucalypts. In: Keane P, Kile G, Podger F, Brown B (eds) Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, pp 247–257 Old K, Gibbs R, Craig I, Myers B, Yuan Z (1990) Effect of drought and defoliation on the susceptibility of eucalypts to cankers caused by Endothia gyrosa and Botryosphaeria ribis. Aust J Bot 38:571–581 Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho T, Wingfield M (2007) Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on native Syzygium cordatum in South Africa and their potential threat to Eucalyptus. Plant Pathol 56:624–636 Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho T, Wingfield M (2009) Multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic data reveal cryptic species of the Botryosphaeriaceae: a case study on the Neofusicoccum parvum/N. ribis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol 51:259–268 Pérez CA, Wingfield MJ, Slippers B, Altier NA, Blanchette RA (2009) Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum, a Eucalyptus pathogen, on native Myrtaceae in Uruguay. Plant Pathol 58:964–970 Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817–818 Punithalingam E (1976) Botryodiplodia theobromae. CMI Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, N°519 Pusey P (1989) Influence of water stress on susceptibility of non-wounded peach bark to Botryosphaeria dothidea. Plant Dis 73:1000–1003 Rodas CA, Roux RJ, van Wyk M, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ (2008) Ceratocystis neglecta sp. nov., infecting Eucalyptus trees in Colombia. Fungal Divers 28:73–84 Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MrBayes3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Biometrics 19:1572–1574 Sakalidis M (2004) Resolving the Botryosphaeria ribis-B. parva species complex; a molecular and phenotypic investigation. Honors thesis. School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia Seena S, Wynberg N, Bärlocher F (2008) Fungal diversity during leaf decomposition in a stream assessed through clone libraries. Fungal Divers 30:1–14 Seixas C, Barreto R, Alfenas A, Ferreira F (2004) Cryphonectria cubensis on an indigenous host in Brazil: a possible origin for Eucalyptus canker disease? Mycologist 18:39–45 Simeto S, Balmelli G, Altier N, Dini B, Bennadji Z (2007) Desarrollo de protocolos de inoculación artificial para la caracterización sanitaria de Eucalyptus globulus. INIA, Uruguay, p 26, Serie Técnica 169 Slippers B, Wingfield MJ (2007) Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: diversity, ecology and impact. Fungal Biol Rev 21:90–106 Slippers B, Crous P, Denman S, Coutinho T, Wingfield B, Wingfield M (2004a) Combined multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic characters differentiate several species previously identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. Mycologia 96:83–101 Slippers B, Fourie G, Crous P, Coutinho T, Wingfield B, Carnegie A, Wingfield M (2004b) Speciation and distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. on native and introduced Eucalyptus trees in Australia and South Africa. Stud Mycol 50:343–358 Slippers B, Pavlic D, Maleme H, Wingfield MJ (2007) A diverse assemblage of Botryosphaeriaceae infect Eucalyptus in introduced and native environments. In: Proceedings of IUFRO Conference 22–26 October, 2007. Durban, South Africa Smith H, Kemp G, Wingfield M (1994) Canker and die-back of Eucalyptus in South Africa caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Plant Pathol 43:1031–1034 Smith H, Wingfield M, Petrini O (1996) Botryosphaeria dothidea endophytic in Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus nitens in South Africa. For Ecol Manag 89:189–195 Smith H, Crous P, Wingfield M, Coutinho T, Wingfield B (2001) Botryosphaeria eucalyptorum sp. nov., a new species in the B. dothidea-complex on Eucalyptus in South Africa. Mycologia 93:277–285 Swofford DL (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0b10a. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA Tao G, Liu ZY, Hyde KD, Lui XZ, Yu ZN (2008) Whole rDNA analysis reveals novel and endophytic fungi in Bletilla ochracea (Orchidaceae). Fungal Divers 33:101–122 Wene E, Schoeneweiss D (1980) Localized freezing predisposition to Botryosphaeria dothidea in differentially frozen woody stems. Can J Bot 58:1455–1458 White TJ, Bruns S, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic, San Diego, pp 315–322 Wingfield M (2003) Increasing threat of disease to exotic plantation forests in the Southern Hemisphere: lessons from Cryphonectria canker. Australas Plant Pathol 32:133–139 Wingfield M, Rodas C, Myburg H, Venter M, Wright J, Wingfield B (2001) Cryphonectria canker on Tibouchina in Colombia. Forest Pathol 31:297–306 Yuan Z, Mohammed C (1999) Pathogenicity of fungi associated with stem cankers of Eucalyptus in Tasmania, Australia. Plant Dis 83:1063–1069 Zhou XD, Xie YJ, Chen SF, Wingfield MJ (2008) Diseases of eucalypt plantations in China: challenges and opportunities. Fungal Divers 32:1–7