Endogenous remyelination is induced by transplant rejection in a viral model of multiple sclerosis

Journal of Neuroimmunology - Tập 212 - Trang 74-81 - 2009
Maya N. Hatch1,2, Chris S. Schaumburg2,3, Thomas E. Lane2,3, Hans S. Keirstead1,2
1Reeve-Irvine Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, United States
2Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University Research Park, 101 Theory, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617-1705, United States
3Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and Center for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, United States

Tài liệu tham khảo

Adami, 1995, Evolution of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) during chronic infection: quasispecies nature of the persisting MHV RNA, Virology, 209, 337, 10.1006/viro.1995.1265 Aharonowiz, 2008, Neuroprotective effect of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, PLoS ONE, 3, e3145, 10.1371/journal.pone.0003145 Arnett, 2001, TNF alpha promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination, Nat. Neurosci., 4, 1116, 10.1038/nn738 Berger, 2003, Antimyelin antibodies as a predictor of clinically definite multiple sclerosis after a first demyelinating event, N. Engl. J. Med., 349, 139, 10.1056/NEJMoa022328 Biancotti, 2008, Activation of inflammatory response by a combination of growth factors in cuprizone-induced demyelinated brain leads to myelin repair, Neurochem. Res., 33, 2615, 10.1007/s11064-008-9792-8 Bjartmar, 2001, Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and functional consequences, Curr. Opin. Neurol., 14, 271, 10.1097/00019052-200106000-00003 Blakemore, 2008, Endogenous or exogenous oligodendrocytes for remyelination, J. Neurol. Sci., 265, 43, 10.1016/j.jns.2007.08.004 Blakemore, 1995, Glial cell transplants that are subsequently rejected can be used to influence regeneration of glial cell environments in the CNS, Glia, 13, 79, 10.1002/glia.440130202 Blight, 1983, Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling, Neuroscience, 10, 521, 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90150-1 Carpenter, 2001, Enrichment of neurons and neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells, Exp. Neurol., 172, 383, 10.1006/exnr.2001.7832 Carroll, 1994, Early recruitment of oligodendrocyte precursors in CNS demyelination, Brain, 117, 563, 10.1093/brain/117.3.563 Chang, 2002, Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 346, 165, 10.1056/NEJMoa010994 Chari, 2002, Efficient recolonisation of progenitor-depleted areas of the CNS by adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, Glia, 37, 307, 10.1002/glia.10038 Chari, 2003, Decline in rate of colonization of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-depleted tissue by adult OPCs with age, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 62, 908, 10.1093/jnen/62.9.908 Crang, 1998, The demonstration by transplantation of the very restricted remyelinating potential of post-mitotic oligodendrocytes, J. Neurocytol., 27, 541, 10.1023/A:1006960032023 De Stefano, 1998, Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Results of a longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study, Brain, 121, 1469, 10.1093/brain/121.8.1469 Du, 2002, Oligodendrocytes as providers of growth factors, J. Neurosci. Res., 68, 647, 10.1002/jnr.10245 Einstein, 2006, Transplanted neural precursor cells reduce brain inflammation to attenuate chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Exp. Neurol., 198, 275, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.11.007 Fleming, 1986, Pathogenicity of antigenic variants of murine coronavirus JHM selected with monoclonal antibodies, J. Virol., 58, 869, 10.1128/JVI.58.3.869-875.1986 Foote, 2005, Inflammation stimulates remyelination in areas of chronic demyelination, Brain, 128, 528, 10.1093/brain/awh417 Foote, 2005, Repopulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell-depleted tissue in a model of chronic demyelination, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 31, 374, 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2005.00647.x Franklin, 2002, Why does remyelination fail in multiple sclerosis?, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 3, 705, 10.1038/nrn917 Franklin, 1996, Schwann cell-like myelination following transplantation of an olfactory bulb-ensheathing cell line into areas of demyelination in the adult CNS, Glia, 17, 217, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199607)17:3<217::AID-GLIA4>3.0.CO;2-Y Franklin, 1997, Local recruitment of remyelinating cells in the repair of demyelination in the central nervous system, J. Neurosci. Res., 50, 337, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971015)50:2<337::AID-JNR21>3.0.CO;2-3 Ganter, 1999, Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a post-mortem study, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 25, 459, 10.1046/j.1365-2990.1999.00205.x Glass, 2002, Mouse hepatitis virus infection of the central nervous system: chemokine-mediated regulation of host defense, Viral Immunol., 15, 261, 10.1089/08828240260066215 Gveric, 1999, Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in multiple sclerosis plaques, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 25, 215, 10.1046/j.1365-2990.1999.00187.x Hardison, 2006, Transplantation of glial-committed progenitor cells into a viral model of multiple sclerosis induces remyelination in the absence of an attenuated inflammatory response, Exp. Neurol., 197, 420, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.016 Hinks, 1999, Distinctive patterns of PDGF-A, FGF-2, IGF-I, and TGF-beta1 gene expression during remyelination of experimentally-induced spinal cord demyelination, Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 14, 153, 10.1006/mcne.1999.0771 Hirano, 1978, Utility of mouse cell line DBT for propagation and assay of mouse hepatitis virus, Jpn. J. Exp. Med., 48, 71 Ishihara, 1994, Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and -beta 2 promote neurite sprouting and elongation of cultured rat hippocampal neurons, Brain Res., 639, 21, 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91759-0 Keirstead, 2005, Stem cells for the treatment of myelin loss, Trends Neurosci., 28, 677, 10.1016/j.tins.2005.09.008 Keirstead, 1997, Identification of post-mitotic oligodendroyctes incapable of remyelination within the demyelinated adult spinal cord, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 56, 1191, 10.1097/00005072-199711000-00003 Keirstead, 1998, Response of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell population (defined by NG2 labelling) to demyelination of the adult spinal cord, Glia, 22, 161, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199802)22:2<161::AID-GLIA7>3.0.CO;2-A Keirstead, 2005, Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury, J. Neurosci., 25, 4694, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0311-05.2005 Kobayashi, 1997, BDNF and NT-4/5 prevent atrophy of rat rubrospinal neurons after cervical axotomy, stimulate GAP-43 and Talpha1-tubulin mRNA expression, and promote axonal regeneration, J. Neurosci., 17, 9583, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-24-09583.1997 Koenen, 2003, Superior T-cell suppression by rapamycin and FK506 over rapamycin and cyclosporine A because of abrogated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction, impaired memory responses, and persistent apoptosis, Transplantation, 75, 1581, 10.1097/01.TP.0000053752.87383.67 Kornek, 2000, Multiple sclerosis and chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a comparative quantitative study of axonal injury in active, inactive, and remyelinated lesions, Am. J. Pathol., 157, 267, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64537-3 Kotter, 2005, Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression, Neurobiol. Dis., 18, 166, 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.019 Kotter, 2006, Myelin impairs CNS remyelination by inhibiting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, J. Neurosci., 26, 328, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2615-05.2006 Matthews, 2002, Murine hepatitis virus—a model for virus-induced CNS demyelination, J. Neurovirology, 8, 76, 10.1080/13550280290049534 McTigue, 2000, Localization of transforming growth factor-beta1 and receptor mRNA after experimental spinal cord injury, Exp. Neurol., 163, 220, 10.1006/exnr.2000.7372 Michikawa, 1993, Retinoic acid responsive gene product, midkine, has neurotrophic functions for mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture, J. Neurosci. Res., 35, 530, 10.1002/jnr.490350509 Nistor, 2005, Human embryonic stem cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes in high purity and myelinate after spinal cord transplantation, Glia, 49, 385, 10.1002/glia.20127 Olson, 2004, Innate and adaptive immune requirements for induction of autoimmune demyelinating disease by molecular mimicry, Mol. Immunol., 40, 1103, 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.11.010 Patrikios, 2006, Remyelination is extensive in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients, Brain, 129, 3165, 10.1093/brain/awl217 Peterson, 2001, Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions, Ann. Neurol., 50, 389, 10.1002/ana.1123 Pluchino, 2003, Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis, Nature, 422, 688, 10.1038/nature01552 Prineas, 1993, Multiple sclerosis: remyelination of nascent lesions, Ann. Neurol., 33, 137, 10.1002/ana.410330203 Raine, 1993, Multiple sclerosis: remyelination in acute lesions, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 52, 199, 10.1097/00005072-199305000-00003 Ramos, 2007, Anti-viral effector T cell responses and trafficking are not dependent upon DRAK2 signaling following viral infection of the central nervous system, Autoimmunity, 40, 54, 10.1080/08916930600996700 Rizvi, 2004, Current approved options for treating patients with multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 63, S8, 10.1212/WNL.63.12_suppl_6.S8 Setzu, 2006, Inflammation stimulates myelination by transplanted oligodendrocyte precursor cells, Glia, 54, 297, 10.1002/glia.20371 Shen, 2008, Age-dependent epigenetic control of differentiation inhibitors is critical for remyelination efficiency, Nat. Neurosci., 11, 1024, 10.1038/nn.2172 Shields, 2000, Schwann cell remyelination is restricted to astrocyte-deficient areas after transplantation into demyelinated adult rat brain, J. Neurosci. Res., 60, 571, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000601)60:5<571::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-Q Sim, 2002, The age-related decrease in CNS remyelination efficiency is attributable to an impairment of both oligodendrocyte progenitor recruitment and differentiation, J. Neurosci., 22, 2451, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02451.2002 Sospedra, 2005, Immunology of multiple sclerosis, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 23, 683, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115707 Steinman, 1996, Multiple sclerosis: a coordinated immunological attack against myelin in the central nervous system, Cell, 85, 299, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81107-1 Suzuki, 2007, GDNF secreting human neural progenitor cells protect dying motor neurons, but not their projection to muscle, in a rat model of familial ALS, PLoS ONE, 2, e689, 10.1371/journal.pone.0000689 Totoiu, 2005, Spinal cord injury is accompanied by chronic progressive demyelination, J. Comp. Neurol., 486, 373, 10.1002/cne.20517 Totoiu, 2004, Remyelination, axonal sparing, and locomotor recovery following transplantation of glial-committed progenitor cells into the MHV model of multiple sclerosis, Exp. Neurol., 187, 254, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.01.028 Trapp, 1998, Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 338, 278, 10.1056/NEJM199801293380502 Trapp, 1999, Pathogenesis of tissue injury in MS lesions, J. Neuroimmunol., 98, 49, 10.1016/S0165-5728(99)00081-8 Wang, 1990, Demyelination induced by murine hepatitis virus JHM strain (MHV-4) is immunologically mediated, J. Neuroimmunol., 30, 31, 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90050-W Wang, 1992, Sequential infection of glial cells by the murine hepatitis virus JHM strain (MHV-4) leads to a characteristic distribution of demyelination, Lab. Invest., 66, 744 Wolswijk, 1998, Chronic stage multiple sclerosis lesions contain a relatively quiescent population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, J. Neurosci., 18, 601, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-02-00601.1998 Wolswijk, 1992, Cooperation between PDGF and FGF converts slowly dividing O-2A adult progenitor cells to rapidly dividing cells with characteristics of O-2A perinatal progenitor cells, J. Cell. Biol., 118, 889, 10.1083/jcb.118.4.889 Wong, 1997, Hepatocyte growth factor promotes motor neuron survival and synergizes with ciliary neurotrophic factor, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 5187, 10.1074/jbc.272.8.5187 Woodhoo, 2007, Schwann cell precursors: a favourable cell for myelin repair in the central nervous system, Brain, 130, 2175, 10.1093/brain/awm125 Wucherpfennig, 1995, Molecular mimicry in T cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones specific for myelin basic protein, Cell, 80, 695, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90348-8 Yan, 2006, Combined immunosuppressive agents or CD4 antibodies prolong survival of human neural stem cell grafts and improve disease outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mice, Stem Cells, 24, 1976, 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0518 Zhang, 2006, Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells express neurotrophic factors, Stem Cells Dev., 15, 943, 10.1089/scd.2006.15.943