Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and ethylene evolution in tilted Metasequoia glyptostroboides stems in relation to compression-wood formation
Tóm tắt
Eight-year-old Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings were tilted at a 45° angle to induce compression-wood formation on the lower side of the stems. After 2 weeks of treatment, half of the seedlings were sampled and the remaining half were tilted to the opposite orientation to exchange the upper and lower sides and were kept for 2 more weeks until sampled. Cambium-emitted ethylene was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection. Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Tracheid production and compression-wood formation were determined by light microscopy. Anatomical studies showed that tracheid production was promoted and compression-wood tracheids always developed on the gravitationally lower side of tilted stems in both the original tilting and the subsequent reverse-tilting periods. These were accompanied by an increase in IAA content in and an accelerated ethylene-evolution rate from the cambial region of the same side.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abeles FB, Morgan PW, Saltveit ME Jr (1992) Ethylene in plant biology, 2nd edn. Academic, San Diego
Blake TJ, Pharis RP, Reid DM (1980) Ethylene, gibberellins, auxin and the apical control of branch angle in a conifer, Cupressus arizonica. Planta 148:64–68
Blum W (1971) Über die experimentelle Beeinflussung der Reaktionsholtzbildung bei Fichten und Pappeln. Ber Schweiz Bot Ges 80:225–251
Brown KM, Leopold AC (1973) Ethylene and the regulation of growth in pine. Can J For Res 3:143–145
Eklund L, Little CHA (1996) Laterally applied Ethrel causes local increases in radial growth and indole-3-acetic acid concentration in Abies balsamea shoots. Tree Physiol 16:509–513
Funada R, Mizukami E, Kubo T, Fushitani M, Sugiyama T (1990) Distribution of indole-3-acetic acid and compression wood formation in the stems of inclined Cryptomeria japonica. Holzforschung 44:331–334
Kobayashi M, Sakurai A, Saka H, Takahashi N (1989) Fluctuation of the endogenous IAA level in rice during its life cycle. Agric Biol Chem 53:1089–1094
Leopold AC, Brown KM, Emerson FH (1972) Ethylene in the wood of stressed trees. HortScience 7:715
Little CHA, Eklund L (1999) Ethylene in relation to compression wood formation in Abies balsamea shoots. Trees 13:173–177
Nečesaný V (1958) Effect of β-indoleacetic acid on the formation of reaction wood. Phyton 11:117–127
Onaka F (1942) Die Verteilung des Wuchsstoffes und das Dickenwachstum der Bäume (in Japanese). J Jpn For Soc 24:341–355
Phelps JE, McGinnes EA Jr, Saniewski M, Pieniazek J, Smoliński M (1974) A note on the structure of morphactin-induced wood in two coniferous species. Wood Fiber 6:13–17
Phelps JE, McGinnes EA Jr, Smoliński M, Saniewski M, Pieniazek J (1976) A note on the formation of compression wood induced by morphactin IT 3456 in Thuja shoots. Wood Fiber 8:223–227
Saotome M, Shirahata K, Nishimura R, Yahaba M, Kawaguchi M, Syôno K, Kitsuwa T, Ishii Y, Nakamura T (1993) The identification of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetamide in the hypocotyls of Japanese cherry. Plant Cell Physiol 34:157–159
Savidge RA (1988) Auxin and ethylene regulation of diameter growth in trees. Tree Physiol 4:401–414
Savidge RA, Mutumba GMC, Heald JK, Wareing PF (1983) Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy identification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in compression wood vascular cambium of Pinus contorta Dougl. Plant Physiol 71:434–436
Smoliński M, Saniewski M, Pieniazek J (1972) Effect of morphactin IT 3456 on cambial activity and wood differentiation in Picea excelsa. Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol 20:431–435
Smoliński M, Pieniazek J, Saniewski M (1973) Induction of compression-like wood by morphactin in vertically growing shoots of Pinus sylvestris L. Proc Inst Sadow Skierniewice Ser E 3:553–558
Starbuck CJ, Roberts AN (1982) Movement and distribution of 14C-indole-3-acetic acid in branches and rooted cuttings of Douglas Fir. Physiol Plant 55:389–394
Starbuck CJ, Roberts AN (1983) Compression wood in rooted cuttings of Douglas Fir. Physiol Plant 57:371–374
Sundberg B, Tuominen H, Little CHA (1994) Effects of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid and morphactin on endogenous IAA dynamics in relation to compression wood formation in 1-year-old Pinus sylvestris (L.) shoots. Plant Physiol 106:469–476
Telewski FW (1990) Growth, wood density, and ethylene production in response to mechanical perturbation in Pinus taeda. Can J For Res 20:1277–1282
Telewski FW, Jaffe MJ (1986) Thigmomorphogenesis: the role of ethylene in the response of Pinus taeda and Abies fraseri to mechanical perturbation. Physiol Plant 66:227–233
Telewski FW, Wakefield AH, Jaffe MJ (1983) Computer-assisted image analysis of tissues of Ethrel-treated Pinus taeda seedlings. Plant Physiol 72:177–181
Timell TE (1986) Compression wood in gymnosperms, vols 1, 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Wilson BF, Chien CT, Zaerr JB (1989) Distribution of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and compression wood formation in reoriented branches of Douglas Fir. Plant Physiol 91:338–344
Yamaguchi K, Itoh T, Shimaji K (1980) Formation of compression wood induced by 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an IAA transport inhibitor. Wood Sci Technol 14:181–185
Yamaguchi K, Shimaji K, Itoh T (1983) Simultaneous inhibition and induction of compression wood formation by morphactin in artificially inclined stems of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gordon). Wood Sci Technol 17:81–89
Yamamoto F, Kozlowski TT (1987a) Effects of flooding, tilting of stems, and ethrel application on growth, stem anatomy and ethylene production of Pinus densiflora seedlings. J Exp Bot 38:293–310
Yamamoto F, Kozlowski TT (1987b) Effect of ethrel on growth and stem anatomy of Pinus halepensis seedlings. IAWA Bull ns 8:11–19