End-tidal carbon dioxide as a measure of arterial carbon dioxide during intermittent mandatory ventilation

Burton GW. The value of CO2 monitoring during anesthesia. Anaesthesia 1966;21:173–183

Hatle L, Rokseth R. The arterial to end-expiratory CO2 tension gradient in acute pulmonary embolism and other cardiopulmonary diseases. Chest 1974;66:353–357

Poppius H. Arterial to end-tidal CO2 differences in respiratory disease. Scand J Respir Dis 1975;56:254–262

Whitesell R, Asiddao C, Gollman D, Jablonsk J. Relationship between arterial and peak expired carbon dioxide pressure during anesthesia and factors influencing the difference. Anesth Analg 1981;60:508–512

Perrin G, Perrot D, Holzapfel L, Robert D. Simultaneous variations of PaCO2 and PACO2 in assisted ventilation. Br J Anaesth 1983;55:525–530

Kinsella SM. Assessment of the Hewlett-Packard HP47210A capnometer. Br J Anaesth 1985;57:919–923

Brimm JE, Bienzo RK, Knight MA, Peters RM. Breathby-breath end-tidal CO2 analysis for patients on IMV. In Prakash O, ed. Computers in critical care and pulmonary medicine. New York: Plenum, 1982:195–200

Nie NH, Hull CH, Jenkins JG, et al. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975

Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical methods. 7th ed. Ames: Iowa State University, 1980:185–188

Feeley TW, Hedley-Whyte J. Weaning from controlled ventilation and supplemental oxygen. N Engl J Med 1975;292:903–906

Burton GW. Measurement of inspired and expired O2 and CO2. Br J Anaesth 1969;41:723–730

Gothard JW, Busst CM, Brantwaite MA, et al. Applications of respiratory mass spectrometry to intensive care. Anaesthesia 1980;35:890–895

Riker JB, Haberman B. Expired gas monitoring by mass spectrometry in a respiratory ICU. Crit Care Med 1976;4:223–229

Potter WA. Mass spectrometry for innovative techniques of respiratory care, ventilator weaning, and differential ventilation in an ICU. Crit Care Med 1976;4:235–238

Capan LM, Ramanathan S, Sinha K, Turndorf H. Arterial to end-tidal C02 gradients during spontaneous breathing, intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, and jet ventilation. Crit Care Med 1985;13:810–813

Collier CR, Affekdt JE, Farr AF. Continuous rapid infrared C02 analysis. J Clin Lab Med 1976;45:526–539

Evans JM, Hogg MJ, Rosen M. Correlation of alveolar PCO2 estimated by infrared analysis and arterial PCO2 in the human neonate and the rabbit. Br J Anaesth 1977;49:761–764

Briscoe WA, Firster RE, Comroe JH. Alveolar ventilation at very low tidal volumes. J Appl Physiol 1954;7:27–30

Dubois AB, Britt AG, Fenn WO. Alveolar C02 during the respiratory cycle. J Appl Physiol 1952;4:535–548

Jones NL, Robertson DG, Kane JW. Difference between end-tidal and arterial PCO2 during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1979;47:954–960

Smalhout B, Kalenda Z. An atlas of capnography. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. The Netherlands: Kerkebosch-Zeist, 1981

Lewis G, Ponte J, Purves MJ. Fluctuation of PaCO2 with the same period as respiration in the cat. J Physiol (Lend) 1980;298:1–11

Raemer DB, Francis D, Philip JH, Gabel RA. Variation in PCO2 between arterial blood and peak expired gas during anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1983;62:1065–1069