Hiểu Biết Một Cách Thực Nghiệm Có Thể Giải Quyết Vấn Đề: Trường Hợp Phòng Trung Quốc

The Psychological Record - Tập 55 - Trang 595-617 - 2017
Geir Overskeid1
1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Tóm tắt

Nhiều tác giả tranh luận liệu máy tính có thể hiểu hay không thường không làm rõ khái niệm hiểu là gì, và chưa có sự đồng thuận nào về vấn đề quan trọng này. Trong lập luận về phòng Trung Quốc của mình, Searle (1980) cho rằng các máy tính chạy các chương trình hình thức không thể bao giờ hiểu. Tôi thảo luận về lập luận của Searle dựa trên một định nghĩa về sự hiểu biết mang tính thực nghiệm, theo nghĩa là một tuyên bố lý thuyết dẫn đến một số giả thuyết có thể kiểm tra. Tôi cho rằng một định nghĩa thực nghiệm được hỗ trợ bởi các thí nghiệm có nền tảng vững chắc hơn so với các định nghĩa khác, và tiếp tục thảo luận ba giả thuyết có liên quan đặc biệt đến câu hỏi về sự hiểu biết của máy móc, mà hóa ra có sự hỗ trợ đáng kể trong tài liệu từ tâm lý học thực nghiệm, ngôn ngữ học và các lĩnh vực khác. Các giả thuyết cho rằng (1) kiến thức có thể không cần thiết để hiểu, (2) có thể biết tất cả những gì cần biết về X, nhưng vẫn không hiểu X, và (3) sự hiểu biết có xu hướng giảm bớt việc tìm kiếm thông tin liên quan. Tôi cũng chỉ ra rằng sự hiểu biết có lẽ không giả định về sức mạnh nguyên nhân của não người, và rằng máy tính có thể có ý định theo nghĩa của Searle. Bài viết kết luận rằng những gì Searle thảo luận không phải là những gì người nói tiếng Anh đề cập khi họ nói rằng họ hiểu, và ngay cả khi điều đó có đúng, các lập luận của ông cũng không có cơ sở.

Từ khóa

#hiểu biết #máy tính #lập luận phòng Trung Quốc #thực nghiệm #giả thuyết

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