Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex

Papez, 1937, A proposed mechanism of emotion, Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry, 38, 725, 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1937.02260220069003

Kalisch, 2006, Levels of appraisal: a medial prefrontal role in high-level appraisal of emotional material, Neuroimage, 30, 1458, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.11.011

Ochsner, 2005, The cognitive control of emotion, Trends Cogn. Sci., 9, 242, 10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010

Rushworth, 2007, Functional organization of the medial frontal cortex, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 17, 220, 10.1016/j.conb.2007.03.001

Bechara, 2000, Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex, Cereb. Cortex, 10, 295, 10.1093/cercor/10.3.295

Craig, 2009, How do you feel – now? The anterior insula and human awareness, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 10, 59, 10.1038/nrn2555

Critchley, 2005, Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration, J. Comp. Neurol., 493, 154, 10.1002/cne.20749

Etkin, 2006, Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala, Neuron, 51, 871, 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.029

Quirk, 2006, Prefrontal involvement in the regulation of emotion: convergence of rat and human studies, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 16, 723, 10.1016/j.conb.2006.07.004

Schiller, 2010, Overlapping neural systems mediating extinction, reversal and regulation of fear, Trends Cogn. Sci., 14, 268, 10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.002

Vogt, 1992, Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex: the anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions, Cereb. Cortex, 2, 435, 10.1093/cercor/2.6.435-a

Bush, 2000, Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex, Trends Cogn. Sci., 4, 215, 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01483-2

Etkin, 2007, Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia, Am. J. Psychiatry, 164, 1476, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504

Mechias, 2010, A meta-analysis of instructed fear studies: implications for conscious appraisal of threat, Neuroimage, 49, 1760, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.040

Levenson, 2003, Blood, sweat, and fears: the autonomic architecture of emotion, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1000, 348, 10.1196/annals.1280.016

Pessoa, 2008, On the relationship between emotion and cognition, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 9, 148, 10.1038/nrn2317

Roseman, 2001, Appraisal theory: overview, assumptions, varieties, controversies, 3

LaBar, 2006, Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 7, 54, 10.1038/nrn1825

Klucken, 2009, Neural, electrodermal and behavioral response patterns in contingency aware and unaware subjects during a picture–picture conditioning paradigm, Neuroscience, 158, 721, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.049

Kalisch, 2009, The NMDA agonist D-cycloserine facilitates fear memory consolidation in humans, Cereb. Cortex, 19, 187, 10.1093/cercor/bhn076

Raczka, 2010, A neuropeptide S receptor variant associated with overinterpretation of fear reactions: a potential neurogenetic basis for catastrophizing, Mol. Psychiatry, 15, 1067, 10.1038/mp.2010.79

Critchley, 2003, Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence, Brain, 126, 2139, 10.1093/brain/awg216

Gentil, 2009, Physiological responses to brain stimulation during limbic surgery: further evidence of anterior cingulate modulation of autonomic arousal, Biol. Psychiatry, 66, 695, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.05.009

Milad, 2007, A role for the human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in fear expression, Biol. Psychiatry, 62, 1191, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.032

Wager, 2009, Brain mediators of cardiovascular responses to social threat: part I: Reciprocal dorsal and ventral sub-regions of the medial prefrontal cortex and heart-rate reactivity, Neuroimage, 47, 821, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.043

Meyer, 1973, Stereotactic cingulotomy with results of acute stimulation and serial psychological testing, 39

Critchley, 2004, Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness, Nat. Neurosci., 7, 189, 10.1038/nn1176

Bouton, 2004, Context and behavioral processes in extinction, Learn. Mem., 11, 485, 10.1101/lm.78804

Delamater, 2004, Experimental extinction in Pavlovian conditioning: behavioural and neuroscience perspectives, Q. J. Exp. Psychol. B, 57, 97, 10.1080/02724990344000097

Myers, 2002, Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction, Neuron, 36, 567, 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01064-4

Schiller, 2008, From fear to safety and back: reversal of fear in the human brain, J. Neurosci., 28, 11517, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2265-08.2008

Mobbs, 2009, From threat to fear: the neural organization of defensive fear systems in humans, J. Neurosci., 29, 12236, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2378-09.2009

Milad, 2008, Presence and acquired origin of reduced recall for fear extinction in PTSD: results of a twin study, J. Psychiatr. Res., 42, 515, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.017

Phelps, 2004, Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC, Neuron, 43, 897, 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.042

Wager, 2009, Brain mediators of cardiovascular responses to social threat, part II: Prefrontal-subcortical pathways and relationship with anxiety, Neuroimage, 47, 836, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.044

Egner, 2008, Dissociable neural systems resolve conflict from emotional versus nonemotional distracters, Cereb. Cortex, 18, 1475, 10.1093/cercor/bhm179

Egner, 2007, Congruency sequence effects and cognitive control, Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci., 7, 380, 10.3758/CABN.7.4.380

Botvinick, 2001, Conflict monitoring and cognitive control, Psychol. Rev., 108, 624, 10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.624

Egner, 2005, Cognitive control mechanisms resolve conflict through cortical amplification of task-relevant information, Nat. Neurosci., 8, 1784, 10.1038/nn1594

Milad, 2009, Neurobiological basis of failure to recall extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder, Biol. Psychiatry, 66, 1075, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.026

Burgos-Robles, 2007, Consolidation of fear extinction requires NMDA receptor-dependent bursting in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Neuron, 53, 871, 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.021

Gross, 2002, Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences, Psychophysiology, 39, 281, 10.1017/S0048577201393198

Kalisch, 2009, The functional neuroanatomy of reappraisal: time matters, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 33, 1215, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.003

Johnstone, 2007, Failure to regulate: counterproductive recruitment of top-down prefrontal-subcortical circuitry in major depression, J. Neurosci., 27, 8877, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2063-07.2007

Urry, 2006, Amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex are inversely coupled during regulation of negative affect and predict the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion among older adults, J. Neurosci., 26, 4415, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3215-05.2006

Amaral, 1992, Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex, 1

Lieberman, 2007, Putting feelings into words: affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli, Psychol. Sci., 18, 421, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.x

Delgado, 2008, Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction, Neuron, 59, 829, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.029

Lamm, 2010, Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain, Neuroimage

Wilkinson, 1999, Bilateral anterior cingulotomy for chronic noncancer pain, Neurosurgery, 45, 1129, 10.1097/00006123-199911000-00023

Mataix-Cols, 2008, Individual differences in disgust sensitivity modulate neural responses to aversive/disgusting stimuli, Eur. J. Neurosci., 27, 3050, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06311.x

Eisenberger, 2003, Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion, Science, 302, 290, 10.1126/science.1089134

Harmer, 2001, Transcranial magnetic stimulation of medial-frontal cortex impairs the processing of angry facial expressions, Nat. Neurosci., 4, 17, 10.1038/82854

Nomura, 2003, Frontal lobe networks for effective processing of ambiguously expressed emotions in humans, Neurosci. Lett., 348, 113, 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00768-7

Eippert, 2009, Activation of the opioidergic descending pain control system underlies placebo analgesia, Neuron, 63, 533, 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.07.014

Petrovic, 2002, Placebo and opioid analgesia – imaging a shared neuronal network, Science, 295, 1737, 10.1126/science.1067176

Phan, 2002, Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI, Neuroimage, 16, 331, 10.1006/nimg.2002.1087

Wager, T.D., et al. (2008) The neuroimaging of emotion. In Handbook of Emotions (3rd edn) (Lewis, M., ed.), pp. 249–271, The Guilford Press

Finger, 2008, Dissociable roles of medial orbitofrontal cortex in human operant extinction learning, Neuroimage, 43, 748, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.021

Rushworth, 2007, Contrasting roles for cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in decisions and social behaviour, Trends Cogn. Sci., 11, 168, 10.1016/j.tics.2007.01.004

Etkin, 2010, Failure of anterior cingulate activation and connectivity with the amygdala during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder, Am. J. Psychiatry, 167, 545, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09070931

Algom, 2004, A rational look at the emotional Stroop phenomenon: a generic slowdown, not a Stroop effect, J. Exp. Psychol. Gen., 133, 323, 10.1037/0096-3445.133.3.323

Vogt, B.A. (2004) Cingulate gyrus. In The Human Nervous System (2nd edn) (Paxinos, G., and Mai, J.K., eds.), pp. 915–949, Elsevier

Vogt, 2003, Structural and functional dichotomy of human midcingulate cortex, Eur. J. Neurosci., 18, 3134, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2003.03034.x

Picard, 2001, Imaging the premotor areas, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 11, 663, 10.1016/S0959-4388(01)00266-5

Ghashghaei, 2007, Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala, Neuroimage, 34, 905, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.046

Beckmann, 2009, Connectivity-based parcellation of human cingulate cortex and its relation to functional specialization, J. Neurosci., 29, 1175, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3328-08.2009

Chiba, 2001, Efferent projections of infralimbic and prelimbic areas of the medial prefrontal cortex in the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata, Brain Res., 888, 83, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)03013-4

Rempel-Clower, 1998, Topographic organization of connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 398, 393, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19980831)398:3<393::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-V

An, 1998, Prefrontal cortical projections to longitudinal columns in the midbrain periaqueductal gray in macaque monkeys, J. Comp. Neurol., 401, 455, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981130)401:4<455::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-6

Bates, 1993, Prefrontal connections of medial motor areas in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol., 336, 211, 10.1002/cne.903360205

Mansouri, 2009, Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 10, 141, 10.1038/nrn2538

Nachev, 2008, Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 9, 856, 10.1038/nrn2478

Sotres-Bayon, 2010, Prefrontal control of fear: more than just extinction, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 20, 231, 10.1016/j.conb.2010.02.005

Burgos-Robles, 2009, Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are correlated with fear expression and extinction failure, J. Neurosci., 29, 8474, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0378-09.2009

Herry, 1999, Plasticity in the mediodorsal thalamo–prefrontal cortical transmission in behaving mice, J. Neurophysiol., 82, 2827, 10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2827

Resstel, 2008, The expression of contextual fear conditioning involves activation of an NMDA receptor–nitric oxide pathway in the medial prefrontal cortex, Cereb. Cortex, 18, 2027, 10.1093/cercor/bhm232

Blum, 2006, A role for the prefrontal cortex in recall of recent and remote memories, Neuroreport, 17, 341, 10.1097/01.wnr.0000201509.53750.bc

Corcoran, 2007, Activity in prelimbic cortex is necessary for the expression of learned, but not innate, fears, J. Neurosci., 27, 840, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5327-06.2007

Laurent, 2009, Inactivation of the infralimbic but not the prelimbic cortex impairs consolidation and retrieval of fear extinction, Learn Mem., 16, 520, 10.1101/lm.1474609

Laviolette, 2005, A subpopulation of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex encodes emotional learning with burst and frequency codes through a dopamine D4 receptor-dependent basolateral amygdala input, J. Neurosci., 25, 6066, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1168-05.2005

Quirk, 2000, The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the recovery of extinguished fear, J. Neurosci., 20, 6225, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06225.2000

Runyan, 2004, A role for prefrontal cortex in memory storage for trace fear conditioning, J. Neurosci., 24, 1288, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4880-03.2004

Sierra-Mercado, 2006, Inactivation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex reduces expression of conditioned fear and impairs subsequent recall of extinction, Eur. J. Neurosci., 24, 1751, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05014.x

Morgan, 1995, Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats, Behav. Neurosci., 109, 681, 10.1037/0735-7044.109.4.681

Maaswinkel, 1996, Effects of an electrolytic lesion of the prelimbic area on anxiety-related and cognitive tasks in the rat, Behav. Brain Res., 79, 51, 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00261-8

Shah, 2003, Excitotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex attenuate fear responses in the elevated-plus maze, social interaction and shock probe burying tests, Brain Res., 969, 183, 10.1016/S0006-8993(03)02299-6

Lebron, 2004, Delayed recall of fear extinction in rats with lesions of ventral medial prefrontal cortex, Learn. Mem., 11, 544, 10.1101/lm.78604

Hugues, 2004, Postextinction infusion of a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor into the medial prefrontal cortex impairs memory of the extinction of conditioned fear, Learn Mem., 11, 540, 10.1101/lm.77704

al Maskati, 1989, Stimulation in prefrontal cortex area inhibits cardiovascular and motor components of the defence reaction in rats, J. Autonom. Nerv. Syst., 28, 117, 10.1016/0165-1838(89)90084-2

Milad, 2002, Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction, Nature, 420, 70, 10.1038/nature01138

Vidal-Gonzalez, 2006, Microstimulation reveals opposing influences of prelimbic and infralimbic cortex on the expression of conditioned fear, Learn Mem., 13, 728, 10.1101/lm.306106

Zbrozyna, 1991, Stimulation in prefrontal cortex inhibits conditioned increase in blood pressure and avoidance bar pressing in rats, Physiol. Behav., 49, 705, 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90306-9

Quirk, 2003, Stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex decreases the responsiveness of central amygdala output neurons, J. Neurosci., 23, 8800, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08800.2003

Rosenkranz, 2003, The prefrontal cortex regulates lateral amygdala neuronal plasticity and responses to previously conditioned stimuli, J. Neurosci., 23, 11054, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-35-11054.2003

Likhtik, 2005, Prefrontal control of the amygdala, J. Neurosci., 25, 7429, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2314-05.2005

Amano, 2010, Synaptic correlates of fear extinction in the amygdala, Nat. Neurosci., 13, 489, 10.1038/nn.2499

Ehrlich, 2009, Amygdala inhibitory circuits and the control of fear memory, Neuron, 62, 757, 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.05.026

McDonald, 1996, Projections of the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices to the amygdala: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin study in the rat, Neuroscience, 71, 55, 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00417-3

Vertes, 2004, Differential projections of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the rat, Synapse, 51, 32, 10.1002/syn.10279