Quản lý cảm xúc và các định kiến về cảm xúc trong số các y tá nam: một nghiên cứu định tính

BMC Nursing - Tập 20 Số 1 - 2021
Sergio Martínez-Morato1, María Feijoo-Cid2, Paola Galbany-Estragués3, María Isabel Fernández‐Cano2, Antonia Arreciado Marañón2
1CAP Vila Olímpica, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
2Department of Nursing. Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
3Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Science and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic‐Central University of Catalonia (UVIC‐UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắt Giới thiệu Ngành điều dưỡng yêu cầu một khối lượng lớn lao động cảm xúc. Mối liên hệ giữa ngành điều dưỡng, lao động cảm xúc và giới tính nữ làm phức tạp hình ảnh của y tá nam, vì nam tính thường liên quan đến sức mạnh thể chất hoặc kỹ thuật (thay vì cảm xúc) và hơn nữa, được định nghĩa đối lập với nữ tính. Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là hiểu cách quản lý cảm xúc được mô tả bởi các y tá nam làm việc tại khoa nhi của một bệnh viện cao cấp tại Tây Ban Nha. Phương pháp Nghiên cứu mô tả định tính. Các đối tượng tham gia được chọn qua phương pháp lấy mẫu mục đích tại khoa nhi của một bệnh viện cao cấp tại Tây Ban Nha. Chúng tôi thực hiện các cuộc phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc cho đến khi đạt được bão hòa dữ liệu. Chúng tôi tiến hành phân tích nội dung, sử dụng định nghĩa về độ tin cậy khoa học của Lincoln và Guba. Kết quả Chúng tôi xác định được hai chủ đề chính trong dữ liệu: 1) Các định kiến liên quan đến khía cạnh cảm xúc của chăm sóc: Các participant cho rằng một số định kiến về giới là hiển nhiên trong khi lại chất vấn những định kiến khác và bảo vệ các cách thức thay thế để quản lý cảm xúc liên quan đến chăm sóc. 2) Chiến lược quản lý cảm xúc: Các participant mô tả việc giữ khoảng cách cảm xúc, thiết lập ranh giới, tương đối hóa vấn đề và sử dụng sự phân tâm cùng với hài hước. Thảo luận Chăm sóc điều dưỡng bị ảnh hưởng bởi các vai trò và định kiến về giới, khiến nam giới bị cho là kém khả năng hơn phụ nữ trong việc cảm nhận và quản lý cảm xúc. Tuy nhiên, việc quản lý cảm xúc là cần thiết trong chăm sóc y tế—đặc biệt là lĩnh vực nhi khoa—và các participant của chúng tôi đã báo cáo sử dụng các chiến lược cho điều này. Mặc dù các participant vẫn tiếp tục diễn giải việc chăm sóc theo cách truyền thống, họ đã mâu thuẫn với những quan điểm đó bằng cách thích nghi với công việc yêu cầu lao động cảm xúc của họ.

Từ khóa

#Quản lý cảm xúc #y tá nam #định kiến giới #chăm sóc #nghiên cứu định tính

Tài liệu tham khảo

Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Profesionales sanitarios colegiados 2019. Enfermería. 2020; Available from: https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t15/p416/a2018/l0/&file=s08004.px. Cited 2020 May 31.

Zhang H, Tu J. The working experiences of male nurses in China: implications for male nurse recruitment and retention. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(2):441–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12950.

Cheng ML, Tseng YH, Hodges E, Chou FH. Lived experiences of novice male nurses in Taiwan. J Transcult Nurs. 2018;29(1):46–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659616676318.

Gustafsson Sendén M, Klysing A, Lindqvist A, Renström EA. The (not so) changing man: dynamic gender stereotypes in Sweden. Front Psychol. 2019;10(37):17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00037.

Nursing and Midwifery Council. The NMC register 2013–2017. 2017. Available from: https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/other-publications/nmc-register-2013-2017.pdf. Cited 2020 Jun 3.

Stanley D, Beament T, Falconer D, Haigh M, Saunders R, Stanley K, et al. The male of the species: a profile of men in nursing. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(5):1155–68 Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jan.12905. Cited 2020 Jun 3.

Boniol M, McIsaac M, Xu L, Wuliji T, Diallo K, Campbell J. WHO | gender equity in the health workforce: analysis of 104 countries: World Health Organization; 2019. p. 1–8. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/bookorders. Cited 25 May 2021.

Christensen M. Men in nursing: the early years. J Nurs Educ Pract. 2017;7(5):94. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n5p94.

Yang C-I, Yu H-Y, Chin Y-F, Lee L-H. There is nothing wrong with being a nurse: the experiences of male nursing students in Taiwan. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2017;14(4):332–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12162.

Riley R, Weiss MC. A qualitative thematic review: Emotional labour in healthcare settings. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72:6–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12738 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Cited 2020 Mar 9.

Hochschild AR. The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. California: University of California Press; 2012.

Matud MP, Díaz A, Bethencourt JM, Ibáñez I. Stress and psychological distress in emerging adulthood: a gender analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(9):2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092859.

Elliott C. Emotional labour: learning from the past, understanding the present. Br J Nurs. 2017;26(19):1070–7. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.19.1070.

Hammonds C, Cadge W. Strategies of emotion management: Not just on, but off the job. Nurs Inq. 2014;21(2):162–70 Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nin.12035. Cited 2020 Mar 9.

Delgado C, Upton D, Ranse K, Furness T, Foster K. Nurses’ resilience and the emotional labour of nursing work: An integrative review of empirical literature. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017;70:71–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.02.0080020-7489/ Cited 2020 Nov 7.

Gulsen M, Ozmen D. The relationship between emotional labour and job satisfaction in nursing. Int Nurs Rev. 2020;67(1):145–54 Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/inr.12559. Cited 2020 Oct 20.

Mauno S, Ruokolainen M, Kinnunen U, De Bloom J. Emotional labour and work engagement among nurses: examining perceived compassion, leadership and work ethic as stress buffers. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(5):1169–81 Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jan.12906. Cited 2020 Oct 20.

Ghasemi E, Negarandeh R, Janani L. Moral distress in Iranian pediatric nurses. Nurs Ethics. 2019;26(3):663–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733017722824.

Winning AM, Merandi JM, Lewe D, Stepney LMC, Liao NN, Fortney CA, et al. The emotional impact of errors or adverse events on healthcare providers in the NICU: the protective role of coworker support. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(1):172–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13403.

Golfenshtein N, Drach-Zahavy A. An attribution theory perspective on emotional labour in nurse-patient encounters: a nested cross-sectional study in paediatric settings. J Adv Nurs. 2015;71(5):1123–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12612.

Woo T, Ho R, Tang A, Tam W. Global prevalence of burnout symptoms among nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;123(December 2019):9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.015.

Cañadas-De la Fuente GA, Ortega E, Ramirez-Baena L, De la Fuente-Solana EI, Vargas C, Gómez-Urquiza JL. Gender, marital status, and children as risk factors for burnout in nurses: a meta-analytic study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102102.

Cottingham MD. Recruiting men, constructing manhood. Gend Soc. 2014;28(1):133–56 Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0891243213509005. Cited 2020 Mar 9.

Cottingham MD. Learning to “Deal” and “De-escalate”: how men in nursing manage self and patient emotions. Sociol Inq. 2015;85(1):75–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12064.

Sundus A, Younas A. Caring behaviors of male nurses: a descriptive qualitative study of patients’ perspectives. Nurs Forum. 2020;55(4):575–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12464.

Wu TW, Oliffe JL, Bungay V, Johnson JL. Male ICU nurses’ experiences of taking care of dying patients and their families: a gender analysis. Am J Mens Health. 2015;9(1):44–52 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24692248. Cited 2020 Mar 9.

Jamieson I, Harding T, Withington J, et al. Men entering nursing: Has anything changed? Nurs Prax N Z. 2019;35(2):18–29 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340445026_Men_entering_nursing_Has_anything_changed. Cited 2020 Dec 11.

Jordal K, Heggen K. Masculinity and nursing care: a narrative analysis of male students’ stories about care. Nurse Educ Pract. 2015;15(6):409–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2015.05.002.

Ross D. Challenges for men in a female dominated environment. Links Health Soc Care. 2017;2(1):4–20 Available from: https://openjournals.ljmu.ac.uk/index.php/lhsc/article/download/83/130/.

Comas-d’Argemir Cendra D. Hombres cuidadores: Barreras de género y modelos emergentes. Psicoperspectivas Individuo y Soc. 2016;15(3):10–22. https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol15-issue3-fulltext-750.

Harding T, Jamieson I, Withington J, Hudson D, Dixon A. Attracting men to nursing: is graduate entry an answer? Nurse Educ Pract. 2018;28:257–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.07.003.

Lartey JKS, Osafo J, Andoh-Arthur J, Asante KO. Emotional experiences and coping strategies of nursing and midwifery practitioners in Ghana: A qualitative study. BMC Nurs. 2020;19(1). Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=146301466&site=eds-live. Cited 2020 Nov 12.

Šmídová Matoušová O, Tollarová B. “You can’t take it personally”: emotion management as part of the professional nurse’s role. Sociol Cas. 2014;50(6):839–73. https://doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2014.50.6.146.

Evans JA. Cautious caregivers: gender stereotypes and the sexualization of men nurses’ touch. J Adv Nurs. 2002;40(4):441–8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02392.x.

Blackley LS, Morda R, Gill PR. Stressors and rewards experienced by men in nursing: A qualitative study. Nurs Forum. 2019;54(4):690–7 Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nuf.12397. Cited 2020 Nov 23.

Arreciado Marañón A, Rodríguez-Martín D, Galbany-Estragués P. Male nurses’ views of gender in the nurse–family relationship in paediatric care. Int Nurs Rev. 2019;66(4):563–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12541Jiggins Colorafi K, Evans B. Qualitative Descriptive Methods in Health Science Research. Heal Environ Res Des J [Internet]. 2016 Jul 1 [cited 2020 Dec 17];9(4):16–25. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7586301/.

Pulido KL. Berenguera, A. 2014. Escuchar, observar y comprender. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/33852350/Berenguera_A_2014_Escuchar_observar_y_comprender. Cited 2020 Dec 17.

Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, Baker S, Waterfield J, Bartlam B, et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant. 2018;52(4):1893–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8.

Graneheim UH, Lindgren BM, Lundman B. Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;56:29–34 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28651100/. Cited 2020 Dec 17.

Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. London: SAGE Publications; 1985.

Mott J. Professional male caregiving: a concept analysis. Nurs Forum. 2018;53(4):574–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12288.

Terry D, Peck B, Carden C, Perkins AJ, Smith A. Traversing the Funambulist’s fine line between nursing and male identity: a systematic review of the factors that influence men as they seek to navigate the nursing profession. Eur J Investig Heal Psychol Educ. 2020;10(3):691–703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10030051.

Yi M, Keogh B. What motivates men to choose nursing as a profession? A systematic review of qualitative studies. Contemp Nurse. 2016;52(1):95–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2016.1192952.

MacWilliams BR, Schmidt B, Bleich MR. Men in nursing: understanding the challenges men face working in this predominantly female profession. Am J Nurs. 2013;113(1):38–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000425746.83731.16.

O’Connor T. Men Choosing Nursing: Negotiating a Masculine Identity in a Feminine World. J Mens Stud. 2015;23(2):194–211 Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1060826515582519. Cited 2020 Nov 21.

Juliff D, Russell K, Bulsara C. Male or nurse what comes first? Challenges men face on their journey to nurse registration. Aust J Adv Nurs. 2016;34(2):45–52 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311407842_Male_or_Nurse_what_comes_first_Challenges_men_face_on_their_journey_to_nurse_registration_AUTHORS. Cited 2020 Mar 9.

Wong JJ, Owen J, Shea M. A latent class regression analysis of men’s conformity to masculine norms and psychological distress. J Couns Psychol. 2012;59(1):176–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026206.

Cottingham MD. Caring moments and their men: masculine emotion practice in nursing. NORMA. 2017;12(3–4):270–85 Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18902138.2017.1312954. Cited 2020 Dec 18.

Shali M, Joolaee S, Navab E, Esmaeili M, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A. White lies in pediatric care: a qualitative study from nurses’ perspective. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2020;13(16):1–12. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i16.4414.

Kim J, Kim S, Byun M. Emotional distancing in nursing: A concept analysis. Nurs Forum. 2020;55(4):595–602 Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nuf.12475. Cited 2020 Nov 11.

Harris B. Therapeutic boundaries or barriers: thoughts on emotional distance in psychiatric mental-health nursing. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2014;35(6):492–4 Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imhn20.

Nageswaran S, Golden SL. Establishing relationships and navigating boundaries when caring for children with medical complexity at home. Home Healthc Now. 2018;36(2):93–102 Available from: http://journals.lww.com/01845097-201803000-00005. Cited 2020 Nov 11.

Navarro-Carrillo G, Torres-Marín J, Corbacho-Lobato JM, Carretero-Dios H. The effect of humour on nursing professionals’ psychological well-being goes beyond the influence of empathy: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2020;34(2):474–83 Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/scs.12751. Cited 2020 Nov 7.

Mota Sousa LM, Alves Marques-Vieira CM, Antunes AV, Silva Severino SP, Sousa Valentim O. Humor intervention in the nurse-patient interaction. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(4):1136–79. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0609 Cited 2020 Aug 1.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

BMC Nursing

Tập 20 Số 1

Thông tin tác giả