Emission Models and Inventories for Local Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment: Experience in the East Midlands Region of the Uk
Tóm tắt
This paper considers how regional greenhouse gas emissioninventories can be determined. It presents a greenhousegas emissions inventory, by source, for the East Midlandsthat has been compiled as part of a regional study intoclimate change impacts in the United Kingdom. This hasused available local data, and national emissions datawith appropriate scaling factors. Total greenhouse gasemissions for the region are estimated to be 59 milliontonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 equivalent)for 1997. Of these emissions, approximately 86% werecarbon dioxide emissions, 7% methane emissions, and 5%were nitrous oxide, with emissions of hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride(SF6) contributing less than 2% of total emissions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Collier, U.: 1997, ‘Local authorities and climate protection in the European Union: putting subsidiarity into practice?’, Local Environ. 2, 39–57.
DETR: 2000, Climate Change: the UK Programme, DETR, London.
Kersey, J., Shackley, S., Wilby, R. and Fleming, P.: 2000, The Potential Impacts of Climate Change in the East Midlands. Summary report. July 2000, East Midlands Sustainable Development Round Table, East Midlands.
Land Use Consultants and IT Power: 2001, ‘Viewpoints on Sustainable Energy in the East Midlands: A Study of Current Energy Projects and Future Prospects’, Final Report, Land Use Consultants, London.
Leicestershire County Council and De Montfort University: 1995, ‘Identification and Utilisation of Energy Resources to Minimise the Effect on the Environment in Leicestershire (UK)’, Final Report, Leicestershire County Council and IESD, De Montfort University, Leicester.
Lindley, S. J., Longhurst, J. W. S., Watson, A. F. R. and Conlan, D. E.: 1996, ‘Procedures for the estimation of regional scale atmospheric emissions – an example from the North West of England’, Atmos. Environ. 30, 3079–3091.
Mander, S., Buchdahl, J., Shackley, S. and Connor, S.: 2000, ‘Carbon Counting: North West England's First Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’, Summary and Full Technical Report. UMIST, ARIC and North West Climate Group, Sustainability North West, Manchester.
NETCEN: 1999, ‘National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory 1997 report’, http://www.aeat.co.uk/netcen/airqual/naei/annreport/naei97.html.
Newcastle City Council: 1992, Energy and the Urban Environment Strategy for a Major Urban Centre Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, Newcastle City Council, Newcastle.
Shackley, S., Kersey, J., Wilby, R. and Fleming, P.: 2001, Changing by Degrees. The Potential Impacts of Climate Change in the East Midlands, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Titheridge, H., Boyle, G. and Fleming, P.: 1996, ‘Development and validation of a computer model for assessing energy demand and supply patterns in the urban environment’, Energy & Environ. 7, 29–40.
Torrie Smith Associates: 2000, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Software-U.K. Edition, User's Guide. Release 4.6, December 2000, Torrie Smith Associates, Ottawa.
University of Wales Cardiff: 2001, ‘Energy and Environmental Prediction’, http://www.cf.ac.uk//archi/research/eep/index.html.