Các phương pháp và công cụ mới nổi để đánh giá rủi ro môi trường, ra quyết định và chính sách cho vật liệu nano: tổng hợp từ Hội thảo Nghiên cứu Cấp cao NATO

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 11 - Trang 513-527 - 2008
Igor Linkov1, Jeffery Steevens2, Gitanjali Adlakha-Hutcheon3, Erin Bennett4, Mark Chappell5, Vicki Colvin6, J. Michael Davis7, Thomas Davis8, Alison Elder9, Steffen Foss Hansen10, Pertti Bert Hakkinen11, Saber M. Hussain12, Delara Karkan13, Rafi Korenstein14, Iseult Lynch15, Chris Metcalfe16, Abou Bakr Ramadan17, F. Kyle Satterstrom18
1Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Brookline, USA
2U.S. Army ERDC, Vicksburg, USA
3Defense Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada
4Intertox Inc. and Bioengineering Group, Salem, USA
5Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, USA
6ICON, Rice University, Houston, USA
7National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA
8Environment Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
9Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
10Department of Environmental Engineering, NanoDTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
11Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA), Cincinnatti, USA
12Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA
13Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
14Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marian Gertner Institute for Medical Nanosystems, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
15Irish Centre for Colloid Science & Biomaterials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
16Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
17National Egyptian Environmental and Radiation Monitoring Network, Cairo, Egypt
18Engineering Sciences Laboratory 224, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA

Tóm tắt

Vật liệu nano và các công nghệ liên quan mang lại những cơ hội đầy hứa hẹn cho sự phát triển của các vật liệu và ứng dụng mới trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau, bao gồm y học, phục hồi môi trường, xử lý chất thải và bảo tồn năng lượng. Tuy nhiên, thông tin hiện có về tác động môi trường và rủi ro sức khỏe liên quan đến vật liệu nano còn hạn chế và đôi khi mâu thuẫn. Bài báo này tổng hợp các kết luận của một hội thảo NATO năm 2008 được thiết kế để đánh giá những hệ quả rộng rãi (ví dụ: lợi ích, rủi ro và chi phí) của việc sử dụng vật liệu nano đối với sức khỏe con người và môi trường. Một đặc điểm độc đáo của hội thảo này là tính liên ngành và sự tập trung vào những nhu cầu thực tiễn của các quyết định chính sách. Các trình bày và các diễn đàn thảo luận của hội thảo được cấu trúc theo bốn chủ đề chính: công nghệ và lợi ích, rủi ro sức khỏe con người, rủi ro môi trường và các tác động chính sách. Bốn nhóm công tác tương ứng đã được thành lập để phát triển các tóm tắt chi tiết về tình trạng khoa học trong các lĩnh vực tương ứng của họ và để thảo luận về những khoảng trống và nhu cầu nghiên cứu mới nổi. Các nhóm công tác xác định các khoảng trống giữa những tiến bộ nhanh chóng trong các loại hình và ứng dụng của vật liệu nano và tốc độ chậm hơn của khoa học rủi ro sức khỏe con người và môi trường, cùng với các chiến lược nhằm giảm thiểu các bất định liên quan đến việc tính toán những rủi ro này.

Từ khóa

#vật liệu nano #rủi ro môi trường #sức khỏe con người #đánh giá rủi ro #chính sách #hội thảo NATO

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