Sự xuất hiện của động lực phức tạp trong việc lựa chọn do tiếp xúc lặp lại với quá trình học tiêu biến

Animal Cognition - Tập 24 - Trang 1279-1297 - 2021
José R. Donoso1, Julian Packheiser2, Roland Pusch2, Zhiyin Lederer1, Thomas Walther1, Metin Uengoer3, Harald Lachnit3, Onur Güntürkün2, Sen Cheng1
1Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
2Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
3Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany

Tóm tắt

Học tiêu biến, quá trình ngừng một hành vi đã học để đáp ứng với các điều kiện tăng cường đã thay đổi, không chỉ cần thiết cho sự sống sót trong một môi trường thay đổi mà còn đóng vai trò cơ bản trong việc điều trị những hành vi bệnh lý. Trong quá trình trị liệu và các hình thức huấn luyện khác liên quan đến sự tiêu biến, các đối tượng thường được tiếp xúc với một số phiên với cấu trúc tương tự. Tác động của sự tiếp xúc lặp lại này chưa được hiểu rõ. Ở đây, chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu hành vi của bồ câu qua nhiều phiên của một nhiệm vụ học phân biệt trong ngữ cảnh A, quá trình tiêu biến trong ngữ cảnh B và quay trở lại ngữ cảnh A để kiểm tra sự trở lại phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh của các phản ứng đã học (tái diễn ABA). Bằng cách tập trung vào các đường cong học tập của từng cá thể trên các động vật khác nhau, chúng tôi đã phát hiện ra một biến đổi hành vi phụ thuộc vào phiên: (1) trong quá trình tiêu biến, bồ câu ưa thích lựa chọn thay thế không được thưởng trong một phần ba các phiên, chủ yếu trong phiên đầu tiên. (2) Trong các phiên sau, đã xuất hiện các biến đổi hành vi đột ngột khi bắt đầu ngữ cảnh B, và (3) hiệu ứng tái diễn giảm dần khi các phiên tiếp tục. Chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng các kết quả quan sát được có thể được giải thích một cách đơn giản bằng một mô hình tính toán dựa chỉ trên học tập liên kết giữa các kích thích và hành động. Công việc của chúng tôi do đó chứng minh tầm quan trọng của việc nghiên cứu động lực từng phiên một trong việc học tập, cũng như sức mạnh của các quá trình học tập liên kết "đơn giản".

Từ khóa

#học tiêu biến #hành vi #bồ câu #học tập liên kết #nghiên cứu hành vi

Tài liệu tham khảo

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