Electromyographic Studies in Abdominal Exercises: A Literature Synthesis

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Shirado, 1995, Electromyographic analysis of four techniques for isometric trunk muscle exercises, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 76, 225, 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80605-9

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Godfrey, 1977, Electromyographic study of duration of muscle activity in sit-up variations, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 58, 132

Guimaraes, 1991, The contribution of the rectus abdominis and rectus femoris in twelve selected abdominal exercises, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 31, 222

Halpern, 1979, Sit-up exercises: an electromyographic study, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 145, 172

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Gutin, 1971, An electromyographic investigation of the rectus abdominis in exercises, Res Q, 42, 256

Alon, 1987, Comparison of the effects of electrical stimulation and exercise on abdominal musculature, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 8, 567, 10.2519/jospt.1987.8.12.567

Bell, 1985, The use of curl-up variations in the development of abdominal musculature strength and endurance by post 50 year old volunteers, J Hum Mov Stud, 11, 319

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Hemborg, 1983, Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting. Effect of abdominal muscle training in healthy subjects, Scand J Rehabil Med, 15, 183

Levine, 1997, The effect of abdominal muscle strengthening on pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis, Physiother Theory Pract, 13, 217, 10.3109/09593989709036465

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Ekholm, 1979, Activation of abdominal muscles during some physiotherapeutic exercises, Scand J Rehabil Med, 11, 75

Moraes, 1995, Electromyography analysis of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles of children 8 to 10 years old, Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 35, 425

Norris, 1993, Abdominal muscle training in sport, Br J Sports Med, 27, 19, 10.1136/bjsm.27.1.19

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Lipetz, 1970, An electromyographic study of four abdominal exercises, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2, 35, 10.1249/00005768-197002010-00009

Miller, 1987, Recruitment of internal oblique and transversus adominis muscles during the eccentric phase of the curl-up exercise, Phys Ther, 67, 1213, 10.1093/ptj/67.8.1213

Bankoff, 1984, Electromyographic study of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles during exercises, Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 24, 501

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Knudson, 1999, Issues in abdominal fitness: testing and technique, J Phys Educat Rec Dance, 70, 49, 10.1080/07303084.1999.10605896

Faulkner, 1989, A practical curl-up protocol for adults based on an analysis of two procedures, Can J Sport Sci, 14, 135

Moreland, 1997, Interrater reliability of six tests of trunk muscle function and endurance, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 26, 200, 10.2519/jospt.1997.26.4.200

Johnson, 1991, Lumbar compressive and shear forces during various trunk curl-up exercises, Clin Biomech, 6, 97, 10.1016/0268-0033(91)90006-C

Neeves, 1975, Torque work and power differences in bent-knee and straight-leg situps in women, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 7, 77, 10.1249/00005768-197500710-00070

Carman, 1972, Electromyographic study of the anterolateral abdominal musculature utilizing indwelling electrodes, Am J Phys Med, 51, 113

Duchateau, 1988, Innervation of the rectus abdominis muscle: implications for rectus flaps, Plast Reconstr Surg, 82, 223, 10.1097/00006534-198808000-00001

Piering, 1993, Electromyographic analysis of four popular abdominal exercises, J Athl Train, 28, 120

Moreside, 2008, Neuromuscular independence of abdominal wall muscles as demonstrated by middle-eastern style dancers, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 18, 527, 10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.01.003

Cresswell, 1994, Changes in intra-abdominal pressure, trunk muscle activation and force during isokinetic lifting and lowering, Eur J Appl Physiol, 68, 315, 10.1007/BF00571450

Demichele, 1997, Isometric torso rotation strength: effect of training frequency on its development, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 78, 64, 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90012-5

Smidt, 1989, Exploration of mechanical and electromyographic responses of trunk muscles to high-intensity resistive exercise, Spine, 14, 815, 10.1097/00007632-198908000-00008

Bird, 2006, Electromyographic comparison of the Ab-slide and crunch exercises, J Strength Cond Res, 20, 436

Avedisian, 2005, Abdominal strengthening using the AbVice machine as measured by surface electromyographic activation levels, J Strength Cond Res, 19, 709

Porcari, 2002, Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on body composition, muscle strength, and physical appearance, J Strength Cond Res, 16, 165

Drake, 2006, Do exercise balls provide a training advantage for trunk extensor exercises? A biomechanical evaluation, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 29, 354, 10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.04.011

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Moreside, 2007, Trunk muscle activation patterns, lumbar compressive forces, and spine stability when using the bodyblade, Phys Ther, 87, 153, 10.2522/ptj.20060019

Gardner-Morse, 1998, The effects of abdominal muscle coactivation on lumbar spine stability, Spine, 23, 86, 10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019

Vera-Garcia, 2006, Effects of different levels of torso coactivation on trunk muscular and kinematic responses to posteriorly applied sudden loads, Clin Biomech, 21, 443, 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.12.006

Vera-Garcia, 2007, Effects of abdominal stabilization maneuvers on the control of spine motion and stability against sudden trunk perturbations, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 17, 556, 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.07.004

Cleland, 2002, The role of therapeutic exercise in treating instability-related lumbar spine pain: a systematic review, J Back Musculoskelet, 16, 105, 10.3233/BMR-2002-162-309

Kavcic, 2004, Quantifying tissue loads and spine stability while performing commonly prescribed low back stabilization exercises, Spine, 29, 2319, 10.1097/01.brs.0000142222.62203.67

O'Sullivan, 1997, Evaluation of specific exercise in the treatment of chronic low back pain with radiological diagnosis of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, Spine, 22, 2959, 10.1097/00007632-199712150-00020

O'Sullivan, 1998, Altered abdominal muscle recruitment in patients with chronic back pain following a specific exercise intervention, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 27, 114, 10.2519/jospt.1998.27.2.114

Hodges, 2001, Perturbed upper limb movements cause short-latency postural responses in trunk muscles, Exp Brain Res, 138, 243, 10.1007/s002210100693

Hodges, 1996, Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain. A motor control evaluation of transversus abdominis, Spine, 21, 2640, 10.1097/00007632-199611150-00014

Jull, 2000, Motor control problems in patients with spinal pain: a new direction for therapeutic exercise, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 23, 115, 10.1016/S0161-4754(00)90079-4

Marshall, 2005, Core stability exercises on and off a Swiss ball, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 86, 242, 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.05.004

Grenier, 2007, Quantification of lumbar stability by using 2 different abdominal activation strategies, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 88, 54, 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.014

McGill, 2003, Coordination of muscle activity to assure stability of the lumbar spine, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 13, 353, 10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00043-9