Electromagnetic design optimization of planar integrated power passive modules

Integration of passive components, such as the planar L-C-T (inductor-capacitor-transformer) technology has been the subject of research over the last few years and has been proven to be viable at high frequencies. In this paper the electromagnetic (EM) design of planar L-L-C-T structures is considered. With a comprehensive, yet simple loss model including nonlinear excitation and skin- and proximity-effects, it is possible to optimize a planar integrated structure for a given set of equivalent electrical circuit parameters. The use of simple design and loss models allow the rapid evaluation of designs that will facilitate the development of an optimization process. Both the available materials and the constructional limitations are included in the optimization process as they, together with the structural losses, determine the realizable module designs. The question as to 'what is optimum?' arises, and the different possible criteria for optimization are evaluated. The optimization process, although generic, is considered for a 1MHz, 500 W resonant prototype.