Electrochemical stability of steel, Ti, and Cu current collectors in water-in-salt electrolyte for green batteries and supercapacitors
Tóm tắt
The electrochemical behaviour of steel, copper, and titanium current collectors was studied in aqueous solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) at various concentrations, from 0.5 up to 20 m. As the concentration of the electrolyte increases, the electrochemical window of water stability widens according to the “water-in-salt” concept. The metal grids have been studied electrochemically, both under anodic and cathodic conditions, by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Subsequently, a microscopic analysis with SEM and compositional analysis with XPS was carried out to evaluate the surface modifications following electrochemical stress. We found that copper is not very suitable for this kind of application, while titanium and steel showed interesting behaviour and large electrochemical window.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Dunn B, Kamath H, Tarascon J-M (2011) Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices. Science 334:928–935
Scrosati B, Garche J (2010) Lithium batteries: status, prospects and future. J Power Sources 195(9):2419–2430
Tarascon J-M, Armand M (2001) Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 414(6861):359–367
Goodenough JB, Kim Y (2010) Challenges for rechargeable Li batteries †. Chem Mater 22(3):587–603
Lux SF, Terborg L, Hachmöller O, Placke T, Meyer HW, Passerini S, Winter M, Nowak S (2013) LiTFSI stability in water and its possible use in aqueous lithium-ion batteries: pH dependency, electrochemical window and temperature stability. J Electrochem Soc 160(10):A1694–A1700
Kim H, Hong J, Park K et al (2014) Aqueous rechargeable Li and Na ion batteries. Chem Rev 114(23):11788–11827
Wessells C, Huggins RA, Cui Y (2011) Recent results on aqueous electrolyte cells. J Power Sources 196(5):2884–2888
Qu Q, Fu L, Zhan X, Samuelis D, Maier J, Li L, Tian S, Li Z, Wu Y (2011) Porous LiMn2O4 as cathode material with high power and excellent cycling for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries. Energy Environ Sci 4(10):3985
Wang X, Hou Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Holze R (2013) An aqueous rechargeable lithium battery using coated Li metal as anode. Sci Rep 3(1):1401
Suo L, Borodin O, Gao T et al (2015) “Water-in-salt” electrolyte enables high-voltage aqueous lithium-ion chemistries. Science 350:938–943
Bu X, Su L, Dou Q, Lei S, Yan X (2019) A low-cost “water-in-salt” electrolyte for a 2.3 V high-rate carbon-based supercapacitor. J Mater Chem A 7(13):7541–7547
Suo L, Borodin O, Wang Y, Rong X, Sun W, Fan X, Xu S, Schroeder MA, Cresce AV, Wang F, Yang C, Hu YS, Xu K, Wang C (2017) “Water-in-Salt” electrolyte makes aqueous sodium-ion battery safe, green, and long-lasting. Adv Energy Mater 7(21):1701189
Dong Q, Yao X, Zhao Y, Qi M, Zhang X, Sun H, He Y, Wang D (2018) Cathodically stable Li-O2 battery operations using water-in-salt electrolyte. Chem 4(6):1345–1358
Lannelongue P, Bouchal R, Mourad E, Bodin C, Olarte M, le Vot S, Favier F, Fontaine O (2018) “Water-in-Salt” for supercapacitors: a compromise between voltage, power density, energy density and stability. J Electrochem Soc 165(3):A657–A663
Suo L, Han F, Fan X, Liu H, Xu K, Wang C (2016) “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes enable green and safe Li-ion batteries for large scale electric energy storage applications. J Mater Chem A 4(17):6639–6644
Kühnel R-S, Lübke M, Winter M, Passerini S, Balducci A (2012) Suppression of aluminum current collector corrosion in ionic liquid containing electrolytes. J Power Sources 214:178–184
Kühnel R-S, Reber D, Remhof A, Figi R, Bleiner D, Battaglia C (2016) “Water-in-salt” electrolytes enable the use of cost-effective aluminum current collectors for aqueous high-voltage batteries. Chem Commun 52(68):10435–10438
Ma T, Xu G-L, Li Y, Wang L, He X, Zheng J, Liu J, Engelhard MH, Zapol P, Curtiss LA, Jorne J, Amine K, Chen Z (2017) Revisiting the corrosion of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 8(5):1072–1077
Theivaprakasam S, Girard G, Howlett P et al (2018) Passivation behaviour of aluminium current collector in ionic liquid alkyl carbonate (hybrid) electrolytes. npj Mater Degrad 2:13
Parsons R (1967) Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 13:471
Zhang X, Devine TM (2006) Passivation of aluminum in lithium-ion battery electrolytes with LiBOB. J Electrochem Soc 153(9):B365
Shirley DA (1972) High-resolution X-ray photoemission spectrum of the valence bands of gold. Phys Rev B 5(12):4709–4714
Susi T, Pichler T, Ayala P (2015) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 6:177–192
Karambakhsh A, Afshar A, Ghahramani S, Malekinejad P (2011) Pure commercial titanium color anodizing and corrosion resistance. J Mater Eng Perform 20(9):1690–1696
Alivov Y, Fan ZY, Johnstone D (2009) Titanium nanotubes grown by titanium anodization. J Appl Phys 106(3):034314