Eine Neubetrachtung des Islam-Patriarchats-Nexus: Ist religiöser Fundamentalismus das zentrale kulturelle Hindernis für die Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter?

Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik
Cemal Öztürk1
1University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany

Tóm tắt

AbstractIs Islam a religion that promotes patriarchy? In the academic debate, there are different assessments. On the one hand, there is the thesis of an elective affinity between Islam and patriarchal values. In Muslim-majority countries and among Muslims, support for patriarchal values is most pronounced. On the other hand, there is the antithesis of Islamic feminism, which shows that a significant proportion of devout Muslims support gender equality. It is therefore wrong to describe Islam as a misogynistic religion. What matters is whether the religion is interpreted in an emancipatory manner. This contribution offers a synthesis and argues that religious fundamentalism provides a more valid explanation for patriarchal values than simplistic references to Islam. The 6th and 7th waves of the World Values Survey were analyzed to test this research-guiding hypothesis. Multilevel analyses show that value differences between Muslims and non-Muslims and between Muslim-majority societies and societies with another majority religion turn out to be small or even insignificant when controlling for religious fundamentalism. Fundamentalism is the central driver of patriarchal values and generates uniform effects. At the individual-level, fundamentalism makes both Muslims and non-Muslims more susceptible to patriarchal values. Moreover, Muslims and non-Muslims adapt to the conformity pressures of their societies, resulting in egalitarian as well as patriarchal values, depending on the prevalence of fundamentalism. The high support for patriarchal values in Muslim-majority countries has a simple reason: Religious fundamentalism is by no means a marginal phenomenon in these societies, but rather the norm.

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