Ein Januskopf?
Tóm tắt
In der Augenheilkunde werden heutzutage überwiegend das Interferon alpha (IFN α) und das Interferon beta (IFN β) eingesetzt. Beide Substanzen gehören zu den Typ-I-Interferonen, die den gleichen Rezeptor nutzen und somit sehr ähnliche therapeutische Effekte auslösen. Klinische Studien in der Ophthalmologie bezüglich des Typ-II-Interferons, dem Interferon gamma (IFN γ), finden sich nicht. Die Interferone gehören zu den natürlich vorkommenden Zytokinen und zeigen einen immunmodulatorischen Effekt. Hierzu gehören neben der Modulation der Antikörperproduktion auch die Inhibition der Hypersensitivitätsreaktion vom verzögerten Typ sowie die Zunahme der Zytotoxizität von T- und NK-Zellen. Eine zunehmende Anzahl von klinischen Studien und Fallbeispielen bestätigt die Effektivität von IFN-α insbesondere für die Augenbeteiligung beim M. Behçet und für IFN-β, das hauptsächlich in der Therapie der multiplen Sklerose eingesetzt wird.
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