Efficiency of post-stack processing in enhancing seismic data quality: a case study of Southwest Qarun-Field, Gindi Basin, Egypt
Tóm tắt
In a broad sense, seismic data quality depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Increasing the S/N ratio when acquiring seismic data in the field can be considered. However, seismic data processing is the main stage where the S/N ratio can be dealt with and increased. Seismic data usually undergo processing when they are treated for the first time or are reprocessed when using different technologies. In both cases, processing generally starts from the raw field data and ends up with stack lines or volumes. Many processing routines can be applied to the stacked seismic data, and these are called post-stack processing. Post-stack processing is generally not expected to give a dramatic uplift in the seismic data quality, unlike pre-stack reprocessing. It enhances the coherency and in turn the image, and leads to better structural and stratigraphic interpretation. The main areas in which the quality of imaging for the seismic data under study can be improved are found to be the background noise, the poor continuity of some major reflectors, and the weak amplitude of the deeper section. A set of methods to increase the signal-to-noise ratio were tried to see if they could achieve the required enhancement. Examining the amplitude spectrum and frequency spectrum, the autocorrelation, and difference plots helped with the selection of the optimum processing parameters. Background noise was reduced to a great extent using FX deconvolution. Deeper reflectors were boosted and continuity was improved using deconvolution. The amplitudes of both shallow and deep sections were balanced using automatic gain control. Finally, the application of a band-pass filter enhanced the S/N ratio by limiting the frequencies to the signal band.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abdel Fattah TH, Diab A, Younes M, Ewida H (2020) Improvement of Gulf of Suez subsurface image under the salt layers through re-processing of seismic data-a case study. NRIAG J Astron Geophys 9(1):38–51
Al-Heety AJR, Thabit HA (2022) Random and coherent noise attenuation for 2D land seismic reflection line acquired in Iraq. NRIAG J Astron Geophys 11(1):337–354
Bath M (1974) Spectral analysis in geophysics. Developments in solid earth geophysics, vol. 7. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Berkhout AJ (1977) Least-squares inverse filtering and wavelet deconvolution. Geophysics 42(7):1369–1383
Canales LL (1984) Random noise reduction. In: SEG technical program expanded abstracts. Soc Explor Geophys 2:525–527.
Debeye HWJ, Van Riel P (1990) Lp-NORM DECONVOLUTION1. Geophys Prospect 38(4):381–403
Dondurur D (2018) Acquisition and processing of marine seismic data. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Elhossainy MM, Basal AK, ElBadrawy HT, Salam SA, Sarhan MA (2021) Well logging data interpretation for appraising the performance of Alam El-Bueib reservoir in Safir Oil Field, Shushan Basin, Egypt. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 11(5):2075–2089
Ewida HF, Sarhan MA (2023) Seismic data quality and its impact on detecting hydrocarbon entrapment features: a case study of Baltim gas field, Nile Delta Basin. Euro-Mediter J Environ Integr 2:1–11
Gammaldi S, Ismail A, Zollo A (2022) Fluid accumulation zone by seismic attributes and amplitude versus offset analysis at Solfatara Volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy. Front Earth Sci 2:768
Hale D (1981) An inverse Q-filter. SEP Report 26. Stanford University, Stanford
Hariri Naghadeh D, Morley CK (2017) Enhancement of temporal resolution using improved time-variant spectral whitening. J Geophys Eng 14(4):822
Hassan T, Basal AM, Omran MA, Mowafy MH, Sarhan MA (2022) An advanced workflow to compress the uncertainties of stochastic distribution of Bahariya reservoir properties using 3D static modeling; an example from Heba Oil Fields, Western Desert, Egypt. Petrol Res 2:2
Isaac DB, Abu El Ata AS (2022) Improvement of seismic data quality and recognition of fault discontinuities through seismic data conditioning applications: a case study of Issaran oil field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 2:1–17
Ismail A, Ewida HF, Al-Ibiary MG, Nazeri S, Salama NS, Gammaldi S, Zollo A (2021) The detection of deep seafloor pockmarks, gas chimneys, and associated features with seafloor seeps using seismic attributes in the West offshore Nile Delta, Egypt. Explor Geophys 52(4):388–408
Kaaresen KF, Taxt T (1998) Multichannel blind deconvolution of seismic signals. Geophysics 63(6):2093–2107
Kjartansson E (1979) Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 84(B9):4737–4748
Levy S, Oldenburg DW (1982) The deconvolution of phase-shifted wavelets. Geophysics 47(9):1285–1294
Margrave GF, Dong L, Gibson P, Grossman JP, Henley D, Lamoureux MP (2003) Gabor deconvolution, extending Wiener’s method to non-stationarity. CREWES Res Rep 15:5–12
Margrave GF, Lamoureux MP, Henley DC (2011) Gabor deconvolution: estimating reflectivity by nonstationary deconvolution of seismic data. Geophysics 76(3):W15–W30
Montaña CA, Margrave GF (2004) Compensating for attenuation by inverse Q filtering. CREWES Res Rep 16:2
Mousa WA (2020) Advanced digital signal processing of seismic data. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Porsani MJ, Ursin B (2000) Mixed-phase deconvolution and wavelet estimation. Lead Edge 19(1):76–79
Sacchi MD (1997) Reweighting strategies in seismic deconvolution. Geophys J Int 129(3):651–656
Sacchi MD, Velis DR, Cominguez AH (1994) Minimum entropy deconvolution with frequency-domain constraints. Geophysics 59(6):938–945
Sarhan MA (2021) Geophysical assessment and hydrocarbon potential of the Cenomanian Bahariya reservoir in the Abu Gharadig Field, Western Desert, Egypt. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 11(11):3963–3993
Sarhan MA, Selim ES (2023) Geophysical appraisal of fractured carbonate reservoirs: a case study of Abu Roash D Member, Abu Gharadig Field, Western Desert, Egypt. Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr 8(2):395–408
Sarhan MA, Basal AMK, Ibrahim IM (2017a) Integration of seismic interpretation and well logging analysis of Abu Roash D Member, Gindi Basin, Egypt: implication for detecting and evaluating fractured carbonate reservoirs. J Afr Earth Sc 135:1–13
Sarhan MA, Basal AMK, Ibrahim IM (2017b) Seismic and well logging interpretation for evaluation of the lower Bahariya reservoir, southwest Qarun (SWQ) Field, Gindi Basin, Egypt. Mar Geophys Res 38:271–290
Sava P, Fomel S (2005) Riemannian wavefield extrapolation. Geophysics 70(3):T45–T56
Shan G, Biondi B (2008) Plane-wave migration in tilted coordinates. Geophysics 73:S185–S194
Shehata AA, El Fawal FM, Ito M, Aal MHA, Sarhan MA (2019) Cenomanian-Turonian depositional history of a post–Gondwana rift succession in the West Beni Suef Basin, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 150:783–798
Shehata AA, Sarhan MA, Abdel-Fattah MI, Mansour S (2023) Geophysical assessment for the oil potentiality of the Abu Roash “G” reservoir in West Beni Suef Basin, Western Desert, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 199:104845
Shragge J, Shan G (2008) Prestack wave-equation depth migration in elliptical coordinates. Geophysics 73(5):S169–S175
Shragge J (2006) Non-orthogonal Riemannian wavefield extrapolation. In: 2006 SEG Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. USA, 1–6 Oct 2006
Su Q, Zeng H, Tian Y, Li H, Lyu L, Zhang X (2021) High-resolution seismic processing technique with broadband, wide-azimuth, and high-density seismic data—A case study of thin-sand reservoirs in eastern China. Interpretation 9(3):T833–T842
Tonn R (1991) The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data: A comparison of different computational methods. Geophys Prospect 39(1):1–27
Van der Baan M, Pham DT (2008) Robust wavelet estimation and blind deconvolution of noisy surface seismics. Geophysics 73(5):V37–V46
Velis DR (2008) Stochastic sparse-spike deconvolution. Geophysics 73(1):R1–R9
Walden AT (1985) Non-Gaussian reflectivity, entropy, and deconvolution. Geophysics 50(12):2862–2888
Yilmaz Ö (2001) Seismic data analysis, vol 1. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, p 1809
Zhang C, Ulrych TJ (2002) Estimation of quality factors from CMP records. Geophysics 67(5):1542–1547