Efficacy of cellulose nanocrystals fabricated from Crotalaria juncea as novel adsorbent for removal of cationic dyes

Sādhanā - Tập 49 - Trang 1-13 - 2024
Sudeshna Saha1, Gourab Ghosh1, Debalina Mondal1, Saswata Chakraborty1
1Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

Tóm tắt

Porous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been fabricated by acid hydrolysis of pre-treated Crotalaria juncea bast fibers, a major agricultural waste. The objective of this study is to explore the efficacy of cellulose nanocrystals obtained from C. juncea (CJ) as adsorbent for the removal of dyes. Response surface methodology has been employed to model statistically and optimize the process variables for the removal of methylene blue (MB) using Design Expert Software. The CNC obtained has also been characterized using BET, FTIR, and SEM. The BET surface area is found to be 7.5 m2, with pore sizes ranging from 2 to 8 nm. The adsorption of methylene blue by CNC has been observed to be most improved at neutral pH, lower MB concentration and higher loading (4 g/l). The equilibrium is achieved within 1 h of contact and maximum MB removal of 69% was achieved. In order to improve the adsorption efficiency, surface modification with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) was carried out to both pre-treated CJ and CNC. The surface modification had a negative impact on adsorption efficiency of MB while better adsorption efficiency was imparted towards malachite green (MG). An increase in adsorption efficiency from 62% to 92% was observed for TEMPO modified CNC. The variations in the adsorption performance of CNC and TEMPO CNC towards the two cationic dyes are due to varying charge density, surface area and shape of both the adsorbate and the adsorbent, with stearic hindrance being the major factor in regulating adsorption in case of unmodified CNC, and electronic nature dominating in case of TEMPO CNC.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Saito T and Isogai A 2005 Ion-exchange behavior of carboxylate groups in fibrous cellulose oxidized by the TEMPO-mediated system. Carbohydr. Polym. 61(2): 183–190 Doan T K Q and Chiang K Y 2022 Characteristics and kinetics study of spherical cellulose nanocrystal extracted from cotton cloth waste by acid hydrolysis. Sustain. Environ. Res. 32(1): 26 Verma C, Chhajed M, Gupta P, Roy S and Maji P K 2021 Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different waste bio-mass collating their liquid crystal ordering with morphological exploration. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 175: 242–253 Ait Benhamou A, Kassab Z, Boussetta A, Salim M H, Ablouh E H, Nadifiyine M, Qaiss A E K, Moubarik A and EI Achaby M 2022 Beneficiation of cactus fruit waste seeds for the production of cellulose nanostructures: Extraction and properties. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 203: 302–311 Liu A, Wu H, Naeem A, Du Q, Ni B, Liu H, Li Z and Ming L 2023 Cellulose nanocrystalline from biomass wastes: An overview of extraction, functionalization and applications in drug delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 241: 124557 Habibi Y, Lucia L A and Rojas O J 2010 Cellulose nanocrystals: Chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chem. Rev. 110(6): 3479–3500 Siqueira G, Bras J and Dufresne A 2010 Luffa as a Cellulose source. BioResources. 5(2): 727–740 Nogi M, Iwamoto S, Nakagaito A N and Yano H 2009 Optically transparent nanofiber paper. Adv. Mater. 21(16): 1595–1598 Klemm D, Kramer F, Moritz S, Lindström T, Ankerfors M, Gray D and Dorris A 2011 Nanocelluloses: A new family of nature-based materials. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50(24): 5438–5466 Abdul Khalil H P S, Davoudpour Y, Islam M N, Mustapha A, Sudesh K, Dungani R and Jawaid M 2014 Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical processes: A review. Carbohydr. Polym. 99: 649–665 Updegraff D M 1969 Semimicro determination of cellulose inbiological materials. Ana. Biochem. 32(3): 420–424 Oksman K, Aitomäki Y, Mathew A P, Siqueira G, Zhou Q, Butylina S, Tanpichai S, Zhou X and Hooshmand S 2016 Review of the recent developments in cellulose nanocomposite processing. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 83: 2–18 Vo N T, Pham C D, Ly T B, Dang M D T, Do N H N and Le P K 2023 Valorization of rice straw for valuable materials: towards a zero-waste recovery process. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04681-0 Wu S, Shi W, Li K, Cai J and Chen L 2022 Recent advances on sustainable bio-based materials for water treatment: Fabrication, modification and application. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 10(6): 108921 Sadare O O, Yoro K O, Moothi K and Daramola M O 2022 Lignocellulosic biomass-derived nanocellulose crystals as fillers in membranes for water and wastewater treatment: a review. Membranes (Basel) 12(3): 320 Chakhtouna H, Benzeid H, Zari N, Qaiss A and Bouhfid R 2022 Recent advances in eco-friendly composites derived from lignocellulosic biomass for wastewater treatment. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03159-9 Raza M, Abu-Jdayil B, Banat F and Al-Marzouqi A H 2022 Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from date palm waste. ACS Omega 7(29): 25366–25379 Dutta S, Bhattacharyya A, Ganguly A, Gupta S and Basu S 2011 Application of response surface methodology for preparation of low-cost adsorbent from citrus fruit peel and for removal of methylene blue. Desalination 275(1–3): 26–36 Ravikumar K, Krishnan S, Ramalingam S and Balu K 2007 Optimization of process variables by the application of response surface methodology for dye removal using a novel adsorbent. Dyes Pigm. 72(1): 66–74 Ravilumar K, Ramalingam S, Krishnan S and Balu K 2006 Application of response surface methodology to optimize the process variables for Reactive Red and Acid Brown dye removal using a novel adsorbent. Dyes Pigm. 70(1): 18–26 Mandal A and Chakrabarty D 2011 Isolation of nanocellulose from waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and its characterization. Carbohydr. Polym. 86(3): 1291–1299 Sahu J N, Acharya J and Meikap B C 2009 Response surface modeling and optimization of chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solution using Tamarind wood activated carbon in batch process. J. Hazard Mater. 172(2–3): 818–825 Saeed M O, Azizli K, Isa M H and Bashir M J K 2015 Application of CCD in RSM to obtain optimize treatment of POME using Fenton oxidation process. J. Water Process Eng. 8: e7-16 Lin N, Bruzzese C and Dufresne A 2012 TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose participating as crosslinking aid for alginate-based sponges. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4(9): 4948–4959 Dufresne A 2008 Polysaccharide nanocrystal reinforced nanocomposites. Can. J. Chem. 86(6): 484–494 Nacos M K, Katapodis P, Pappas C, Daferera D, Tarantilis P A, Christakopoulos P and Polissiou M 2006 Kenaf xylan - A source of biologically active acidic oligosaccharides. Carbohydr. Polym. 66(1): 126–134 Khalil H P S A, Ismail H, Rozman H D and Ahmad M N 2001 The effect of acetylation on interfacial shear strength between plant fibres and various matrices. Eur. Poly. J. 37(5): 1037–1045 Abu-Danso E, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M and Bhatnagar A 2017 Pretreatment assisted synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibers from absorbent cotton. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 102: 248–257 Brinkmann A, Chen M, Couillard M, Jakubek Z J, Leng T and Johnston L J 2016 Correlating cellulose nanocrystal particle size and surface area. Langmuir 32(24): 6105–6114 Azani N F S M, Haafiz M K M, Zahari A, Poinsignon S, Brosse N and Hussin M H 2020 Preparation and characterizations of oil palm fronds cellulose nanocrystal (OPF-CNC) as reinforcing filler in epoxy-Zn rich coating for mild steel corrosion protection. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 153: 385–398 Khoshkava V and Kamal M R 2014 Effect of drying conditions on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) agglomerate porosity and dispersibility in polymer nanocomposites. Powder Technol. 261: 288–298 Raju V, Revathiswaran R, Subramanian K S, Parthiban K T, Chandrakumar K, Anoop E V and Chirayil C J 2023 Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from selected hardwoods, viz., Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. and Casuarina equisetifolia L., by steam explosion method. Sci. Rep. 13(1): 1199 Byrne M E, Park K and Peppas N A 2002 Molecular imprinting within hydrogels. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54(1): 149–161 Malik R, Ramteke D S and Wate S R 2007 Adsorption of malachite green on groundnut shell waste based powdered activated carbon. Waste Manag. 27(9): 1129–1138 Ghosh M R and Mishra S P 2017 Effect of Co-ions on Cr(VI) and F - adsorption by thermally treated bauxite (TTB). Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 42(10): 4391–4400 Luger P, Dittrich B, Benecke L and Sterzel H 2018 Charge density studies on methylene blue - A potential anti-Alzheimer agent. Z. Naturforsch. Sect. B J. Chem. Sci. 73(2): 99–108 Jung S, Naidoo M, Shairzai S and Navarro A E 2014 On the adsorption of a cationic artificial dye on spent tea leaves. WIT Trans. Built Environ. 139: 231–241 Zhang Z, O’Hara I M, Kent G A and Doherty W O S 2013 Comparative study on adsorption of two cationic dyes by milled sugarcane bagasse. Ind. Crops Prod. 42(1): 41–49 Hameed B H, Ahmad A L and Latiff K N A 2007 Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust. Dyes Pigm. 75(1): 143–149 Haghseresht F and Lu G Q 1998 Adsorption characteristics of phenolic compounds onto coal-reject-derived adsorbents. Energy Fuels 12(6): 1100–1107 Foo K Y and Hameed B H 2010 Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems. Chem. Eng. J. 156(1): 2–10