Efficacy of Methylene Blue in an Experimental Model of Calcium Channel Blocker–Induced Shock

Annals of Emergency Medicine - Tập 65 - Trang 410-415 - 2015
David H. Jang1, Sean Donovan2, Lewis S. Nelson3, Theodore C. Bania4, Robert S. Hoffman5, Jason Chu4
1University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
2Albany Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany, NY
3New York University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York, NY
4Mt Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Mt Sinai St Luke's Hospital, and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY
5Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY

Tài liệu tham khảo

2007, Increases in age-group-specific injury mortality—United States, 1999-2004, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 56, 1281 McCaig, 1999, Poisoning-related visits to emergency departments in the United States, 1993-1996, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 37, 817, 10.1081/CLT-100102460 Bronstein, 2008, 2007 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 25th annual report, Clin Toxicol (Phila), 46, 927, 10.1080/15563650802559632 Bronstein, 2009, 2008 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 26th annual report, Clin Toxicol (Phila), 47, 911, 10.3109/15563650903438566 Bronstein, 2010, 2009 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th annual report, Clin Toxicol (Phila), 48, 979, 10.3109/15563650.2010.543906 Bronstein, 2011, 2010 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 28th annual report, Clin Toxicol (Phila), 49, 910, 10.3109/15563650.2011.635149 Bronstein, 2012, 2011 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 29th annual report, Clin Toxicol (Phila), 50, 911, 10.3109/15563650.2012.746424 Ramoska, 1993, A one-year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses: toxicity and treatment, Ann Emerg Med, 22, 196, 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)80202-1 Abernethy, 1999, Calcium-antagonist drugs, N Engl J Med, 341, 1447, 10.1056/NEJM199911043411907 Jang, 2012, An 11-year retrospective comparison of dihydropyridines and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, Clin Toxicol, 50, 580 Spiller, 2012, Amlodipine fatality in an infant with postmortem blood levels, J Med Toxicol, 8, 179, 10.1007/s13181-011-0207-x Adams, 1998, Amlodipine overdose causes prolonged calcium channel blocker toxicity, Am J Emerg Med, 16, 527, 10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90011-0 Sklerov, 2006, Two cases of fatal amlodipine overdose, J Anal Toxicol, 30, 346, 10.1093/jat/30.5.346 Doyon, 1993, The use of glucagon in a case of calcium channel blocker overdose, Ann Emerg Med, 22, 1229, 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)80997-7 Dolan, 1991, Intravenous calcium before verapamil to prevent hypotension, Ann Emerg Med, 20, 588, 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81624-5 Bailey, 2003, Glucagon in beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses: a systematic review, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 41, 595, 10.1081/CLT-120023761 Osthoff M, Bernsmeier C, Marsch SC, et al. Levosimendan as treatment option in severe verapamil intoxication: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Med. 2010; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/546904. Kline, 1993, Insulin is a superior antidote for cardiovascular toxicity induced by verapamil in the anesthetized canine, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 267, 744 Engebretsen, 2011, High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning, Clin Toxicol (Phila), 49, 277, 10.3109/15563650.2011.582471 Abraham, 2009, Levosimendan does not improve survival time in a rat model of verapamil toxicity, J Med Toxicol, 5, 3, 10.1007/BF03160973 Crump, 1982, Lack of response to intravenous calcium in severe verapamil poisoning, Lancet, 2, 939, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90912-6 Sim, 2008, A fatal case of iatrogenic hypercalcemia after calcium channel blocker overdose, J Med Toxicol, 4, 25, 10.1007/BF03160947 Paciullo, 2010, Methylene blue for the treatment of septic shock, Pharmacotherapy, 30, 702, 10.1592/phco.30.7.702 Buzato, 2005, The use of methylene blue in the treatment of anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/80: experimental studies in rabbits, Shock, 23, 582 Evora, 1997, Methylene blue in anaphylactic shock, Ann Emerg Med, 30, 240, 10.1016/S0196-0644(97)70152-5 Koch, 1996, Effects of methylene blue in septic shock, Crit Care Med, 24, 1093, 10.1097/00003246-199606000-00043 Perez, 2008, Determining the optimal dose of intravenous fat emulsion for the treatment of severe verapamil toxicity in a rodent model, Acad Emerg Med, 15, 1284, 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00259.x Perez, 2011, L-Carnitine increases survival in a murine model of severe verapamil toxicity, Acad Emerg Med, 18, 1135, 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01217.x Jang, 2013, The novel development of an experimental model of dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker poisoning using intravenous amlodipine, Int J Cardiovasc Res, 2 Juffermans, 2010, A dose-finding study of methylene blue to inhibit nitric oxide actions in the hemodynamics of human septic shock, Nitric Oxide, 22, 275, 10.1016/j.niox.2010.01.006 Kirov, 2001, Infusion of methylene blue in human septic shock: a pilot, randomized, controlled study, Crit Care Med, 29, 1860, 10.1097/00003246-200110000-00002 Jang, 2013, Methylene blue for distributive shock: a potential new use of an old antidote, J Med Toxicol, 9, 242, 10.1007/s13181-013-0298-7 Peer, 2001, Methylene blue, a nitric oxide inhibitor, prevents haemodialysis hypotension, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 16, 1436, 10.1093/ndt/16.7.1436 Mayer, 1993, Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by methylene blue, Biochem Pharmacol, 45, 367, 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90072-5 Shimizu, 1993, Inhibition by methylene blue of the l-arginine metabolism to l-citrulline coupled with nitric oxide synthesis in cultured endothelial cells, Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol, 82, 35 Evora, 2007, Role of nitric oxide production in anaphylaxis and its relevance for the treatment of anaphylactic hypotension with methylene blue, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 99, 306, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60545-5 Kirov, 2003, Combination of intravenously infused methylene blue and inhaled nitric oxide ameliorates endotoxin-induced lung injury in awake sheep, Crit Care Med, 31, 179, 10.1097/00003246-200301000-00028 Zhang, 1998, Amlodipine releases nitric oxide from canine coronary microvessels: an unexpected mechanism of action of a calcium channel-blocking agent, Circulation, 97, 576, 10.1161/01.CIR.97.6.576 Zhang, 2002, Paradoxical release of nitric oxide by an L-type calcium channel antagonist, the R+ enantiomer of amlodipine, J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 39, 208, 10.1097/00005344-200202000-00007 Lenasi, 2003, Amlodipine activates the endothelial nitric oxide synthase by altering phosphorylation on Ser1177 and Thr495, Cardiovasc Res, 59, 844, 10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00505-4 Xu, 2002, Amlodipine, but not verapamil or nifedipine, dilates rabbit femoral artery largely through a nitric oxide– and kinin-dependent mechanism, Br J Pharmacol, 136, 375, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704753 Alderton, 2001, Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition, Biochem J, 357, 593, 10.1042/bj3570593 Beckman, 1993, Pathological implications of nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite formation, Biochem Soc Trans, 21, 330, 10.1042/bst0210330 Weingartner, 1999, Blockade of the action of nitric oxide in human septic shock increases systemic vascular resistance and has detrimental effects on pulmonary function after a short infusion of methylene blue, Braz J Med Biol Res, 32, 1505, 10.1590/S0100-879X1999001200009 Nathan, 1991, Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity, Curr Opin Immunol, 3, 65, 10.1016/0952-7915(91)90079-G Watson, 2004, Cardiovascular effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (546C88) in patients with septic shock: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study (study no. 144-002), Crit Care Med, 32, 13, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000104209.07273.FC Cobb, 1992, N omega-amino-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, raises vascular resistance but increases mortality rates in awake canines challenged with endotoxin, J Exp Med, 176, 1175, 10.1084/jem.176.4.1175 Andresen, 1998, Use of methylene blue in patients with refractory septic shock: impact on hemodynamics and gas exchange, J Crit Care, 13, 164, 10.1016/S0883-9441(98)90001-6 Schneider, 1992, Methylene blue increases systemic vascular resistance in human septic shock. Preliminary observations, Intensive Care Med, 18, 309, 10.1007/BF01706481 Jaskille, 2008, Methylene blue in the treatment of vasoplegia following severe burns, J Burn Care Res, 29, 408, 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31816677b5 Ghiassi, 2004, Methylene blue enhancement of resuscitation after refractory hemorrhagic shock, J Trauma, 57, 515 Zheng, 2013, Methylene blue and epinephrine: a synergetic association for anaphylactic shock treatment, Crit Care Med, 41, 195, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318267667b Aggarwal, 2013, Methylene blue reverses recalcitrant shock in beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose, BMJ Case Rep, 2013, 10.1136/bcr-2012-007402 Jang, 2011, Methylene blue in the treatment of refractory shock from an amlodipine overdose, Ann Emerg Med, 58, 565, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.02.025 Goluboff, 1961, Methylene blue induced cyanosis and acute hemolytic anemia complicating the treatment of methemoglobinemia, J Pediatr, 58, 86, 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80064-4 Gachot, 1995, Short-term effects of methylene blue on hemodynamics and gas exchange in humans with septic shock, Intensive Care Med, 21, 1027, 10.1007/BF01700666 Boyer, 2005, The serotonin syndrome, N Engl J Med, 352, 1112, 10.1056/NEJMra041867 McDonnell, 2012, Suspected serotonin syndrome in a patient being treated with methylene blue for ifosfamide encephalopathy, J Oncol Pharm Pract, 18, 436, 10.1177/1078155211433231 Heritier Barras, 2010, Serotonin syndrome following methylene blue infusion: a rare complication of antidepressant therapy, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 81, 1412, 10.1136/jnnp.2009.172221 Ng, 2010, The role of methylene blue in serotonin syndrome: a systematic review, Psychosomatics, 51, 194, 10.1016/S0033-3182(10)70685-X Rowley, 2009, Methylene blue–associated serotonin syndrome: a “green” encephalopathy after parathyroidectomy, Neurocrit Care, 11, 88, 10.1007/s12028-009-9206-z Petzer, 2012, Azure B, a metabolite of methylene blue, is a high-potency, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 258, 403, 10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.005