Effects of task context on EEG correlates of mind-wandering
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Trang 1-15 - 2023
Tóm tắt
This study was designed to examine how mind-wandering and its neural correlates vary across tasks with different attentional demands, motivated by the context regulation hypothesis of mind-wandering. Participants (n = 59 undergraduates) completed the sustained attention to response task (SART) and the Stroop selective attention task in counterbalanced order while EEG was recorded. The tasks included experience-sampling probes to identify self-reported episodes of mind-wandering, along with retrospective reports. Participants reported more mind-wandering during the SART than the Stroop and during whichever task was presented second during the session, compared with first. Replicating previous findings, EEG data (n = 37 usable participants) indicated increased alpha oscillations during episodes of mind-wandering, compared with on-task episodes, for both the SART and Stroop tasks. ERP data, focused on the P2 component reflecting perceptual processing, found that mind-wandering was associated with increased P2 amplitudes during the Stroop task, counter to predictions from the perceptual decoupling theory. Overall, the study found that self-report and neural correlates of mind-wandering are sensitive to task context. This line of research can further the understanding of how mechanisms of mind-wandering are adapted to varied tasks and situations.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Reidler, J. S., Huang, C., & Buckner, R. L. (2010). Evidence for the default network’s role in spontaneous cognition. Journal of Neurophysiology, 104(1), 322–335.
Arnau, S., Löffler, C., Rummel, J., Hagemann, D., Wascher, E., & Schubert, A. L. (2020). Inter-trial alpha power indicates mind-wandering. Psychophysiology, 57(6), e13581.
Barron, E., Riby, L. M., Greer, J., & Smallwood, J. (2011). Absorbed in thought: the effect of mind wandering on the processing of relevant and irrelevant events. Psychological Science, 22(5), 596–601.
Bowman, A. D., Griffis, J. C., Visscher, K. M., Dobbins, A. C., Gawne, T. J., DiFrancesco, M. W., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2017). Relationship between alpha rhythm and the default mode network: an EEG-fMRI study. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 34(6), 527–533.
Bozhilova, N., Kuntsi, J., Rubia, K., Asherson, P., & Michelini, G. (2022). Event-related brain dynamics during mind wandering in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an experience-sampling approach. NeuroImage: Clinical, 35, 103068.
Bozhilova, N., Michelini, G., Jones, C., Kuntsi, J., Rubia, K., & Asherson, P. (2021). Context regulation of mind wandering in ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(14), 2014–2027.
Christoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., & Schooler, J. W. (2009). Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wandering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(21), 8719–8724.
Christoff, K., Irving, Z. C., Fox, K. C., Spreng, R. N., & Andrews-Hanna, J. R. (2016). Mind-wandering as spontaneous thought: a dynamic framework. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(11), 718–731.
Clayton, M. S., Yeung, N., & Cohen Kadosh, R. (2018). The many characters of visual alpha oscillations. European Journal of Neuroscience, 48(7), 2498–2508.
Compton, R. J., Gearinger, D., & Wild, H. (2019). The wandering mind oscillates: EEG alpha power is enhanced during moments of mind-wandering. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 19, 1184–1191.
da Silva, M. D., Gonçalves, Ó. F., Branco, D., & Postma, M. (2022). Revisiting consciousness: distinguishing between states of conscious focused attention and mind wandering with EEG. Consciousness and Cognition, 101, 103332.
Gruberger, M., Ben-Simon, E., Levkovitz, Y., Zangen, A., & Hendler, T. (2011). Towards a neuroscience of mind-wandering. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 56.
Handy, T. C., & Kam, J. W. (2015). Mind wandering and selective attention to the external world. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 69(2), 183.
Kam, J. W. Y., Rahnuma, T., Park, Y. E., & Hart, C. M. (2022). Electrophysiological markers of mind wandering: a systematic review. Neuroimage, 258, 119372.
Kam, J. W., & Handy, T. C. (2013). The neurocognitive consequences of the wandering mind: a mechanistic account of sensory-motor decoupling. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 725.
Kane, M. J., Gross, G. M., Chun, C. A., Smeekens, B. A., Meier, M. E., Silvia, P. J., & Kwapil, T. R. (2017). For whom the mind wanders, and when, varies across laboratory and daily-life settings. Psychological Science, 28(9), 1271–1289.
Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(6006), 932–932.
Leszczynski, M., Chaieb, L., Reber, T. P., Derner, M., Axmacher, N., & Fell, J. (2017). Mind wandering simultaneously prolongs reactions and promotes creative incubation. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 10197.
McVay, J. C., & Kane, M. J. (2009). Conducting the train of thought: working memory capacity, goal neglect, and mind wandering in an executive-control task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(1), 196.
McVay, J. C., & Kane, M. J. (2010). Does mind wandering reflect executive function or executive failure? Comment on Smallwood and Schooler (2006) and Watkins (2008). Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 188–197.
Mooneyham, B. W., & Schooler, J. W. (2013). The costs and benefits of mind-wandering: a review. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 67(1), 11–18.
Mrazek, M. D., Phillips, D. T., Franklin, M. S., Broadway, J. M., & Schooler, J. W. (2013). Young and restless: validation of the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) reveals disruptive impact of mind-wandering for youth. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 560.
Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12(3), 442–448.
Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., Franklin, M. S., Chin, J. M., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). The role of mind-wandering in measurements of general aptitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(4), 788–798.
Raffaelli, Q., Mills, C., & Christoff, K. (2018). The knowns and unknowns of boredom: a review of the literature. Experimental Brain Research, 236, 2451–2462.
Randall, J. G., Oswald, F. L., & Beier, M. E. (2014). Mind-wandering, cognition, and performance: a theory-driven meta-analysis of attention regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1411–1431.
Risko, E. F., Anderson, N., Sarwal, A., Engelhardt, M., & Kingstone, A. (2012). Everyday attention: variation in mind wandering and memory in a lecture. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26(2), 234–242.
Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B. T., & Yiend, J. (1997). Oops!’: performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia, 35(6), 747–758.
Robison, M. K., Miller, A. L., & Unsworth, N. (2019). Examining the effects of probe frequency, response options, and framing within the thought-probe method. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 398–408.
Robison, M. K., Miller, A. L., & Unsworth, N. (2020). A multi-faceted approach to understanding individual differences in mind-wandering. Cognition, 198, 104078.
Roth, R. M., & Gioia, G. A. (2005). Behavior rating inventory of executive function–adult version. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Rummel, J., & Boywitt, C. D. (2014). Controlling the stream of thought: working memory capacity predicts adjustment of mind-wandering to situational demands. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21, 1309–1315.
Seli, P., Carriere, J. S., Levene, M., & Smilek, D. (2013). How few and far between? Examining the effects of probe rate on self-reported mind wandering. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 430.
Seli, P., Smallwood, J., Cheyne, J. A., & Smilek, D. (2015). On the relation of mind wandering and ADHD symptomatology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 629–636.
Seli, P., Risko, E. F., Smilek, D., & Schacter, D. L. (2016). Mind-wandering with and without intention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(8), 605–617.
Seli, P., Risko, E. F., Purdon, C., & Smilek, D. (2017). Intrusive thoughts: linking spontaneous mind wandering and OCD symptomatology. Psychological Research, 81, 392–398.
Seli, P., Kane, M. J., Smallwood, J., Schacter, D. L., Maillet, D., Schooler, J. W., & Smilek, D. (2018). Mind-wandering as a natural kind: a family-resemblances view. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(6), 479–490.
Seli, P., Beaty, R. E., Marty-Dugas, J., & Smilek, D. (2019). Depression, anxiety, and stress and the distinction between intentional and unintentional mind wandering. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(2), 163–170.
Smallwood, J., & Andrews-Hanna, J. (2013). Not all minds that wander are lost: the importance of a balanced perspective on the mind-wandering state. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 441.
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2015). The science of mind wandering: empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 487–518.
Smallwood, J., Beach, E., Schooler, J. W., & Handy, T. C. (2008). Going AWOL in the brain: mind wandering reduces cortical analysis of external events. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(3), 458–469.
Smallwood, J., Bernhardt, B. C., Leech, R., Bzdok, D., Jefferies, E., & Margulies, D. S. (2021). The default mode network in cognition: a topographical perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 22(8), 503–513.
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643–662.
Thomson, D. R., Seli, P., Besner, D., & Smilek, D. (2014). On the link between mind wandering and task performance over time. Consciousness and Cognition, 27, 14–26.
Wiemers, E. A., & Redick, T. S. (2019). The influence of thought probes on performance: does the mind wander more if you ask it? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26, 367–373.