Effects of stocking density and string provision on welfare-related measures in commercial broiler chickens in windowed houses

Poultry Science - Tập 97 - Trang 1503-1510 - 2018
C.L. Bailie1, C. Ijichi1, N.E. O’Connell1
1Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom BT9 7BL

Tài liệu tham khảo

Assured Food Standards (AFS) Poultry Standards - Broilers & Poussin v3.0. 2014. Assured food standards poultry scheme; 6. Available: http://assurance.redtractor.org.uk/resources/000/965/989/Poultry_Scheme_Broilers_and_Poussin_Standards.pdf. Accessed 13th November 2015. Andrews, 1997, The effect of a single or repeated period of high stocking density on the behavior and response to stimuli in broiler chickens, Poultry Sci., 76, 1655, 10.1093/ps/76.12.1655 Bailie, 2015, The influence of providing perches and string on activity levels, fearfulness and leg health in commercial broiler chickens, Animal., 9, 660, 10.1017/S1751731114002821 Bailie, 2013, Influence of the provision of natural light and straw bales on activity levels and leg health in commercial broiler chickens, Animal., 7, 618, 10.1017/S1751731112002108 Council Directive 2007/43/EC. 2007. Laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production; 21–22. Available: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:182:0019:0028:EN:PDF. Accessed 11th April, 2016. Dawkins, 2004, Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density, Nature., 427, 342, 10.1038/nature02226 Dozier, 2006, Stocking density effects on male broilers grown to 1.8 kilograms of body weight, Poult. Sci., 85, 344, 10.1093/ps/85.2.344 Estévez, 1997, Broiler chickens: A tolerant social system?, Etología., 5, 19 Estevez, 2007, Density allowance for broilers: Where to set the limits, Poult. Sci., 86, 1265, 10.1093/ps/86.6.1265 Febrer, 2006, Forced to crowd or choosing to cluster?, Spatial distribution indicates social attraction in broiler chickens. Anim. Behav., 72, 1291 Feddes, 2002, Broiler performance, BW variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities, Poult. Sci., 81, 774, 10.1093/ps/81.6.774 Welfare Quality™ 2009. Assessment of animal welfare measures for layers and broilers (ed. Forkman, B., Keeling, L. J.) 16–18. Available: http://cplan.subsite.cf.ac.uk/cplan/sites/default/files/welfare_quality_reports_series.pdf. Accessed 1st Sept 2013. Hall, 2001, The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behavior of broiler chickens reared commercially, Anim. Welf., 10, 23, 10.1017/S096272860002323X Harms, 1975, Biotin deficiency as a possible cause of swelling and ulceration of foot pads, Poult. Sci., 54, 1711, 10.3382/ps.0541711 Hester, 1994, The role of environment and management on leg abnormalities in meat-type fowl, Poult. Sci., 73, 904, 10.3382/ps.0730904 Jones, 1996, Fear and adaptability in poultry, World’s Poult. Sci. J., 52, 131, 10.1079/WPS19960013 Kells, 2001, The effect of a ‘freedom food’ enrichment on the behavior of broilers on commercial farms, Anim. Welf., 10, 347, 10.1017/S0962728600032620 Kestin, 1992, Prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype, Vet. Rec., 131, 190, 10.1136/vr.131.9.190 Lewis, 1990, Locomotion of broiler chickens in floor pens, Poult. Sci., 69, 1087, 10.3382/ps.0691087 Martrenchar, 1997, Influence of stocking density on some behavioral, physiological and productivity traits of broilers, Vet. Res., 28, 473 McLean, 2002, Welfare of male and female broiler chickens in relation to stocking density, as indicated by performance, health and behavior, Anim. Welf., 11, 55, 10.1017/S0962728600024313 Newberry, 1990, Use of pen space by broiler-chickens: Effects of age and pen size, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 25, 125, 10.1016/0168-1591(90)90075-O Puron, 1995, Broiler performance at different stocking densities, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 4, 55, 10.1093/japr/4.1.55 Royal Society for the Protection of Animals 2013. RSPCA Freedom Food Farm Assurance and Food Labelling Scheme: Welfare Standards for Chickens, 10–15. Available: http://www.rspca.org.uk/ImageLocator/LocateAsset?asset=document&assetId=12327254671&mode=prd. Accessed 11th April, 2016. Sanotra, 2002, Influence of light-dark schedules and stocking density on behavior, risk of leg problems and occurrence of chronic fear in broilers, Br. Poult. Sci., 43, 344, 10.1080/000716601201036023611 Shepherd, 2010, Footpad dermatitis in poultry, Poult. Sci., 89, 2043, 10.3382/ps.2010-00770 Sorensen, 2000, Effects of age and stocking density on leg weakness in broiler chickens, Poult. Sci., 79, 864, 10.1093/ps/79.6.864