Effects of process integration in an active direct methanol fuel-cell system

Commission of the European Communities, Commission directive 2006/15/EC, Official Journal of the European Union, February 2006, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l_038/l_03820060209en00360039.pdf. Dohle, 2002, Heat and power management of a direct-methanol-fuel-cell (DMFC) system, Journal of Power Sources, 111, 268, 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00339-7 Ha, 2008, Sensor-less control of methanol concentration based on estimation of methanol consumption rates for direct methanol fuel cell systems, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33, 7163, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.019 Kim, 2010, System integration of a portable direct methanol fuel cell and a battery hybrid, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 5621, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.075 E. Lemmon, M. McLinden, D. Friend, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ch. Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems, 2011, http://webbook.nist.gov. Mitsos, 2006, What is the design objective for portable power generation: efficiency or energy density?, Journal of Power Sources, 164, 678, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.088 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1992 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008 Perry, 1997 Ren, 2001, Electro-osmotic drag of water in poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 148, A87, 10.1149/1.1344521 Shah, 1981, Generalized prediction of heat transfer during two component gas–liquid flow in tubes and other channels, AIChE Symposium Series, 77, 140 Sieder, 1936, Heat transfer and pressure drop of liquids in tubes, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 28, 1429, 10.1021/ie50324a027 Skogestad, 2003, Simple analytic rules for model reduction and PID controller tuning, Journal of Process Control, 13, 291, 10.1016/S0959-1524(02)00062-8 Smart Fuel Cell AG, The JENNY Fuel Cell By SFC Technology, 2009, http://www.sfc.com/en/man-portable-technology-jenny.html. Specchia, 2005, Compact direct methanol fuel cells for portable applications: a modeling study, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 3, A24, 10.2202/1542-6580.1252 Tarascon, 2001, Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries, Nature, 414, 359, 10.1038/35104644 von Andrian, 2000, Process analysis of a liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cell system, Journal of Power Sources, 91, 193, 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00472-9 Zenith, 2010, Modelling, dynamics and control of a portable DMFC system, Journal of Process Control, 20, 630, 10.1016/j.jprocont.2010.02.014 Zenith, 2011, A simple and reliable model for estimation of methanol cross-over in direct methanol fuel cells and its application to methanol-concentration control, Energy and Environmental Science, 4, 519, 10.1039/C0EE00415D Zenith, 2010, Model-based analysis of the feasibility envelope for autonomous operation of a portable direct methanol fuel-cell system, Chemical Engineering Science, 65, 4411, 10.1016/j.ces.2010.03.055