Tác động của việc tiếp xúc với methamphetamine trong thời kỳ thai nghén: một tổng quan về các nghiên cứu về nhận thức và hình ảnh não

Metabolic Brain Disease - Tập 29 - Trang 245-254 - 2013
Maja A. Kwiatkowski1, Annerine Roos1, Dan J. Stein1, Kevin G. F. Thomas1, Kirsty Donald1
1University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa

Tóm tắt

Việc tiếp xúc với methamphetamine trong thời kỳ thai nghén (PME) là một vấn đề quan trọng ở nhiều nơi trên thế giới và gây ra những rủi ro sức khỏe nghiêm trọng cho thai nhi đang phát triển. Tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu về các kết quả ngắn hạn và dài hạn của PME còn thiếu. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi tổng hợp những hiểu biết hiện tại về các kết quả nhận thức và hành vi của PME, dựa trên một cuộc tổng quan về tài liệu về hình ảnh não, tâm lý học thần kinh và khoa học thần kinh được công bố trong 15 năm qua. Nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy các di chứng hành vi và nhận thức của PME bao gồm triệu chứng thiếu sót rộng rãi trong các lĩnh vực chú ý, trí nhớ và tích hợp thị giác-vận động. Tuy nhiên, hiểu biết về mối quan hệ giữa não bộ và hành vi vẫn còn yếu, chủ yếu là do các nghiên cứu hình ảnh não rất hiếm. Do đó, tác động của PME đối với hệ thống thần kinh đang phát triển và cấu trúc não bộ vẫn còn mang tính suy luận và chủ yếu là suy diễn. Một số nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng các con đường fronto-striatal giàu dopamine có thể liên quan; tuy nhiên, các thiếu sót nhận thức (ví dụ, tích hợp thị giác-vận động suy giảm) mà lẽ ra nên liên quan đến thiệt hại ở những con đường này không nhất quán giữa các nghiên cứu. Chúng tôi kết luận bằng cách thảo luận về những thách thức tồn tại trong nghiên cứu về tiếp xúc với thuốc trong thai kỳ, và lập luận rằng chúng có thể giải thích một phần những thiếu sót trong các nghiên cứu hiện có về PME. Các nghiên cứu xác nhận mối quan hệ giữa não và hành vi trong PME, và khám phá các cơ chế tiềm năng nằm dưới những mối quan hệ đó, là cần thiết nếu khoa học thần kinh muốn giải quyết tính cấp bách của vấn đề sức khỏe cộng đồng đang gia tăng này.

Từ khóa

#tác động của methamphetamine trong thai kỳ #các kết quả nhận thức #hình ảnh não #khoa học thần kinh #sự phát triển của thai nhi

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