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Ảnh hưởng của việc bổ sung nitơ đến khả năng bộc lộ đất ở các đồng cỏ tiêu biểu của Cao nguyên Loess
Tóm tắt
Sự lắng đọng nitơ sẽ làm giảm hạn chế nitơ trong các hệ sinh thái trên cạn và ảnh hưởng lớn đến sự phát triển của thực vật, qua đó gây ra sự xói mòn đất. Việc làm rõ các tác động của việc bổ sung nitơ đến rễ cây và tính chất đất đối với quá trình xói mòn đất là rất quan trọng. Một thí nghiệm bổ sung nitơ đã được thực hiện trên đồng cỏ có sự thống trị của Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linn.) Keng (BI), nơi nhận được 0, 2.5, 5 và 10 g N m−2 yr−1 (N0, N2.5, N5 và N10, tương ứng) trong ba năm liên tiếp. Sau đó, tổng cộng 150 mẫu đất không bị xáo trộn đã được thu thập (bao gồm cả mẫu đất kiểm soát không) và được ngâm trong nước chảy để kiểm tra khả năng bộc lộ của chúng dưới sáu mức độ ứng suất cắt (từ 10.2 Pa đến 29.9 Pa). Việc bổ sung nitơ trong ba năm đã làm tăng mật độ khối lượng đất, độ kết dính của đất và nitrat nitơ, đồng thời giảm hệ số dẫn nước bão hòa, các khối đất ổn định trong nước, carbon hữu cơ trong đất, nitơ tổng và nitơ amoni. Mật độ khối lượng rễ và đường kính rễ giảm với việc bổ sung nitơ. Độ dài rễ, diện tích bề mặt và mật độ thể tích của các phương pháp N0 và N5 lớn hơn so với các phương pháp khác, trong khi rễ cây bị ức chế đáng kể bởi N10. Ngoài ra, khả năng bộc lộ đất (Dc) và khả năng xói mòn rãnh (Kr) của các phương pháp N0 và N5 thấp hơn đáng kể so với các phương pháp N2.5 và N10; trong đó, Dc (0.020 kg m−2 s−1) của phương pháp N0 thấp hơn 69.0%, 24.3% và 66.8% so với các phương pháp N2.5, N5 và N10, tương ứng. Kr của phương pháp N0 là 0.0012 s m−1, thấp hơn 72.1%, 25.0% và 70.0% so với các phương pháp còn lại. Nghiên cứu này cho thấy việc tăng cường bổ sung nitơ có thể làm trầm trọng thêm sự xói mòn đất ở các giai đoạn đầu (khoảng 2.5 g N m−2 yr−1) và muộn (hơn 10 g N m−2 yr−1). Tuy nhiên, khi tỷ lệ bổ sung nitơ khoảng 5 g m−2 yr−1, sự xói mòn đất có thể bị ức chế do phản ứng của rễ cây và đất với việc bổ sung nitơ.
Từ khóa
#nitơ #xói mòn đất #Đồng cỏ #Bothriochloa ischaemum #Cao nguyên LoessTài liệu tham khảo
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