Effects of low-energy NMR on posttraumatic osteoarthritis: observations in a rabbit model

Schonack W (1913) Die Rezepte des Scribonius Largus. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena

Fukada E, Yoshida I (1957) On the piezoelectric effect of bone. J Phys Soc Jpn 12:1158–1162

Fukada E, Yoshida I (1968) Mechanical deformation and electrical polarisation in biological substances. Biophysics 5:199–208

Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Becker RO (1964) Effects of electric currents on bone in vivo. Nature 204:652–654

Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA (1974) Augmentation of bone repair by inductively coupled electromagnetic fields. Science 184:575–577

Aaron RK, Wang S, Ciombor DM (2002) Upregulation of basal TGFbeta1 levels by EMF coincident with chondrogenesis—implications for skeletal repair and tissue engineering. J Orthop Res 20:233–240

Aaron RK, Boyan BD, Ciombor DM, Schwartz Z, Simon BJ (2004) Stimulation of growth factor synthesis by electric and electromagnetic fields. Clin Orthop Relat Res 419:30–37

Benazzo F, Cadossi M, Cavani F, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Setti S (2008) Cartilage repair with osteochondral autografts in sheep: effect of biophysical stimulation with pulsed electromagnetic fields. J Orthop Res 26:631–642

Ciombor DM, Lester G, Aaron RK, Neame P, Caterson B (2002) Low frequency EMF regulates chondrocyte differentiation and expression of matrix proteins. J Orthop Res 20:40–50

De Mattei M, Caruso A, Pezzetti F, Pellati A, Stabellini G, Sollazzo V (2001) Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human articular chondrocyte proliferation. Connect Tissue Res 42:269–279

De Mattei M, Pasello M, Pellati A, Stabellini G, Massari L, Gemmati D (2003) Effects of electromagnetic fields on proteoglycan metabolism of bovine articular cartilage explants. Connect Tissue Res 44:154–159

Fioravanti A, Nerucci F, Collodel G, Markoll R, Marcolongo R (2002) Biochemical and morphological study of human articular chondrocytes cultivated in the presence of pulsed signal therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 61:1032–1033

Pezzetti F, De Mattei M, Caruso A, Cadossi R, Zucchini P, Carinci F (1999) Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human chondrocytes: an in vitro study. Calcif Tissue Int 65:396–401

Varani K, Gessi S, Merighi S, Iannotta V, Cattabriga E, Spisani S (2002) Effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on A2A adenosine receptors in human neutrophils. Br J Pharmacol 136:57–66

Ciombor DM, Aaron RK, Wang S, Simon B (2003) Modification of osteoarthritis by pulsed electromagnetic field—a morphological study. Osteoarthr Cartil 11(6):455–462

Weinberger A, Nyska A, Giller S (1996) Treatment of experimental inflammatory synovitis with continuous magnetic fields. Isr J Med Sci 32(12):1197–1201

Wolsko PM, Eisenberg DM, Simon LS, Davis RB, Walleczek J, Mayo-Smith M, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS (2004) Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of static magnets for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: results of a pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med 10(2):36–43

Jacobson JI, Gorman R, Yamanashi WS, Saxena BB, Clayton L (2001) Low-amplitude, extremely low frequency magnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritic knees: a double-blind clinical study. Altern Ther Health Med 7(5):54–64, 66–69

Hulme J, Robinson V, DeBie R, Wells G, Judd M, Tugwell P (2002) Electromagnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD003523

Fini M, Giavaresi G, Carpi A, Nicolini A, Setti S, Giardino R (2005) Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on articular hyaline cartilage: review of experimental and clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 59:388–394

Fini M, Torricelli P, Giavaresi G, Aldini NN, Cavani F, Setti S, Nicolini A, Carpi A, Giardino R (2008) Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on knee cartilage, subchondral and epiphyseal trabecular bone of aged Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs. Biomed Pharmacother 62(10):709–715

McCarthy CJ, Callaghan MJ, Oldham JA (2006) Pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment offers no clinical benefit in reducing the pain of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 7:51

Thamsborg G, Florescu A, Oturai P, Fallentin E, Tritsaris K, Dissing S (2005) Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with pulsed electromagnetic fields: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Osteoarthr Cartil 13:575–581

Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Markoll R (1994) The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and cervical spine. Report of randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials. J Rheumatol 21:1903–1911

Zorzi C, Dall’oca C, Cadossi R, Setti S (2007) Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on patients’ recovery after arthroscopic surgery: prospective, randomized and double-blind study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15:830–834

Tibesku CO, Szuwart T, Ocken SA, Skwara A, Fuchs S (2005) Increase in the expression of the transmembrane surface receptor CD44v6 on chondrocytes in animals with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 52(3):810–817

Murat N, Karadam B, Ozkal S, Karatosun V, Gidener S (2007) Quantification of papain-induced rat osteoarthritis in relation to time with the Mankin score. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 41(3):233–237

Palmoski M, Perricone E, Brandt KD (1979) Development and reversal of a proteoglycan aggregation defect in normal canine knee cartilage after immobilization. Arthritis Rheum 22(5):508–517

Schwartz ER (1987) Animal models: a means to study the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 14(Spec No):101–103

Hulth A, Lindberg L, Telhag H (1970) Experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits. Preliminary report. Acta Orthop Scand 41(5):522–530

Moskowitz RW, Davis W, Sammarco J, Martens M, Baker J, Mayor M, Burstein AH, Frankel VH (1973) Experimentally induced degenerative joint lesions following partial meniscectomy in the rabbit. Arthritis Rheum 16(3):397–405

Ehrlich MG, Mankin HJ, Jones H, Grossman A, Crispen C, Ancona D (1975) Biochemical confirmation of an experimental osteoarthritis model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 57(3):392–396

Hashimoto S, Creighton-Achermann L, Takahashi K, Amiel D, Coutts RD, Lotz M (2002) Development and regulation of osteophyte formation during experimental osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 10(3):180–187

Zhou JL, Liu SQ, Qiu B, Hu QJ, Ming JH, Peng H (2009) Effects of hyaluronan on vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor-2 expression in a rabbit osteoarthritis model. J Orthop Sci 14(3):313–319

Vignon E, Bejui J, Mathieu P, Hartmann JD, Ville G, Evreux JC, Descotes J (1987) Histological cartilage changes in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 14(Spec No):104–106

Guilak F, Ratcliffe A, Lane N, Rosenwasser MP, Mow VC (1994) Mechanical and biochemical changes in the superficial zone of articular cartilage in canine experimental osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 12(4):474–484

Yoshioka M, Coutts RD, Amiel D, Hacker SA (1996) Characterization of a model of osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee. Osteoarthr Cartil 4(2):87–98