Effects of long-term inorganic and organic fertilizations on the soil micro and macro structures of rice paddies

Anders, 2012, Rice rotation and tillage effects on soil aggregation and aggregate carbon and nitrogen dynamics, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 76, 994, 10.2136/sssaj2010.0436 Atkinson, 2009, Effect of seedbed cultivation and soil macrostructure on establishment of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), Soil Tillage Res., 103, 291, 10.1016/j.still.2008.10.027 Blanco-Canqui, 2014, Does inorganic nitrogen fertilization improve soil aggregation? Insights from long-term tillage experiments, J. Environ. Qual., 43, 995, 10.2134/jeq2013.10.0431 Blanco-Canqui, 2004, Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 23, 481, 10.1080/07352680490886842 Blanco-Canqui, 2013, Implications of inorganic fertilization of irrigated corn on soil properties: lessons learned after 50years, J. Environ. Qual., 42, 861, 10.2134/jeq2012.0451 Brar, 2013, Carbon sequestration and soil carbon pools in a rice–wheat cropping system: effect of long-term use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure, Soil Tillage Res., 128, 30, 10.1016/j.still.2012.10.001 Bronick, 2005, Soil structure and management: a review, Geoderma, 124, 3, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.03.005 Carter, 2004, Researching structural complexity in agricultural soils, Soil Tillage Res., 79, 1, 10.1016/j.still.2004.04.001 Dal Ferro, 2013, Dual-scale micro-CT assessment of soil structure in a long-term fertilization experiment, Geoderma, 204–205, 84, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.012 Darusman, 1991, Soil properties after twenty years of fertilization with different nitrogen sources, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 1097, 10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500040034x Das, 2014, Effect of integrated nutrient management practice on soil aggregate properties, its stability and aggregate-associated carbon content in an intensive rice–wheat system, Soil Tillage Res., 136, 9, 10.1016/j.still.2013.09.009 Dexter, 1988, Advances in characterization of soil structure, Soil Tillage Res., 11, 199, 10.1016/0167-1987(88)90002-5 Duiker, 2003, Iron (hydr)oxide crystallinity effects on soil aggregation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67, 606, 10.2136/sssaj2003.6060 Edmeades, 2003, The long-term effects of manures and fertilisers on soil productivity and quality: a review, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 66, 165, 10.1023/A:1023999816690 Eickhorst, 2009, Management-induced structural dynamics in paddy soils of South East China simulated in microcosms, Soil Tillage Res., 102, 168, 10.1016/j.still.2008.07.007 Gong, 1986, Origin, evolution, and classification of paddy soils in China, 179 Haynes, 1998, Influence of lime, fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions: a review, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 51, 123, 10.1023/A:1009738307837 Helliwell, 2014, Quantifying the impact of microbes on soil structural development and behaviour in wet soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 74, 138, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.009 Hill, 1985, Tillage effects on soil water retention and pore size distribution of two mollisols, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49, 1264, 10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900050039x Huang, 2010, Soil aggregation and organic carbon fractions affected by long-term fertilization in a red soil of subtropical China, Geoderma, 154, 364, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.009 Iassonov, 2009, Segmentation of X-ray computed tomography images of porous materials: a crucial step for characterization and quantitative analysis of pore structures, Water Resour. Res., 45, 10.1029/2009WR008087 Kirchhof, 2000, The effect of soil puddling on the soil physical properties and the growth of rice and post-rice crops, Soil Tillage Res., 56, 37, 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00121-5 Kögel-Knabner, 2010, Biogeochemistry of paddy soils, Geoderma, 157, 1, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.03.009 Kravchenko, 2011, Long-term differences in tillage and land use affect intra-aggregate pore heterogeneity, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 75, 1658, 10.2136/sssaj2011.0096 Le Bissonnais, 1996, Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: I, Theory and methodology. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 47, 425, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01843.x Li, 1992 Li, 2007, Paddy soil stability and mechanical properties as affected by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and animal manure in subtropical China, Pedosphere, 17, 568, 10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60067-8 Liu, 2003, Water infiltration rate in cracked paddy soil, Geoderma, 117, 169, 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00165-4 Luo, 2008, Quantifying soil structure and preferential flow in intact soil using X-ray computed tomography, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 72, 1058, 10.2136/sssaj2007.0179 Marshall, 1958, A relation between permeability and size distribution of pores, J. Soil Sci., 9, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1958.tb01892.x Martin, 2012, The effects of simultaneous root colonisation by three Glomus species on soil pore characteristics, Soil Biol. Biochem., 49, 167, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.036 Moldrup, 2001, Tortuosity, diffusivity, and permeability in the soil liquid and gaseous phases, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65, 613, 10.2136/sssaj2001.653613x Mooney, 2007, Quantification of soil structural changes induced by cereal anchorage failure: image analysis of thin sections, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 170, 1, 10.1002/jpln.200622042 Murphy, 1986 Naveed, 2014, Impact of long-term fertilization practice on soil structure evolution, Geoderma, 217–218, 181, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.12.001 Pagliai, 2004, Soil structure and the effect of management practices, Soil Tillage Res., 79, 131, 10.1016/j.still.2004.07.002 Peth, 2008, Three-dimensional quantification of intra-aggregate pore-space features using synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 72, 897, 10.2136/sssaj2007.0130 Rasool, 2007, Soil physical fertility and crop performance as affected by long term application of FYM and inorganic fertilizers in rice–wheat system, Soil Tillage Res., 96, 64, 10.1016/j.still.2007.02.011 Sander, 2007, Preferential flow patterns in paddy fields using a dye tracer, Vadose Zone J., 6, 105, 10.2136/vzj2006.0035 Sander, 2008, Assessment of Chinese paddy-soil structure using X-ray computed tomography, Geoderma, 145, 303, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.03.024 SAS Institute, 2011 Schlüter, 2011, Soil-structure development including seasonal dynamics in a long-term fertilization experiment, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 174, 395, 10.1002/jpln.201000103 Sharma, 1986, Physical properties and processes of puddled rice soils, 139, 10.1007/978-1-4613-8660-5_3 Taina, 2008, Application of X-ray computed tomography to soil science: a literature review, Can. J. Soil Sci., 88, 1, 10.4141/CJSS06027 Tisdall, 1982, Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 33, 141, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1982.tb01755.x Vogel, 1996, Topological characterization of pore space in soil — sample preparation and digital image-processing, Geoderma, 73, 23, 10.1016/0016-7061(96)00043-2 Vos, 2013, Micro-scale determinants of bacterial diversity in soil, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 37, 936, 10.1111/1574-6976.12023 Wang, 2011, Comparison of image segmentation methods in simulated 2D and 3D microtomographic images of soil aggregates, Geoderma, 162, 231, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.01.006 Wildenschild, 2002, Using X-ray computed tomography in hydrology: systems, resolutions, and limitations, J. Hydrol., 267, 285, 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00157-9 Yagi, 1990, Effect of organic matter application on methane emission from some Japanese paddy fields, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 36, 599, 10.1080/00380768.1990.10416797 Yan, 2013, Carbon sequestration efficiency in paddy soil and upland soil under long-term fertilization in southern China, Soil Tillage Res., 130, 42, 10.1016/j.still.2013.01.013 Young, 2004, Interactions and self-organization in the soil-microbe complex, Science, 304, 1634, 10.1126/science.1097394 Zhang, 2003, The effect of soil flooding on the transformation of Fe oxides and the adsorption/desorption behavior of phosphate, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 166, 68, 10.1002/jpln.200390014 Zhang, 2013, Temporal changes in shrinkage behavior of two paddy soils under alternative flooding and drying cycles and its consequence on percolation, Geoderma, 192, 12, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.009 Zhong, 2007, Long-term effects of inorganic fertilizers on microbial biomass and community functional diversity in a paddy soil derived from quaternary red clay, Appl. Soil Ecol., 36, 84, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.12.001 Zhou, 2013, Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil aggregation in an ultisol as characterized by synchrotron based X-ray micro-computed tomography, Geoderma, 195, 23, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.11.003 Zhou, 2012, Effects of vegetation restoration on soil aggregate microstructure quantified with synchrotron-based micro-computed tomography, Soil Tillage Res., 124, 17, 10.1016/j.still.2012.04.006