Effects of handwriting exercise on functional outcome in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial

Shukla, 2012, Micrographia and related deficits in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study, BMJ Open, 2 Ishihara, 2005, Self-reported parkinsonian symptoms in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, BMC Neurol, 5, 15, 10.1186/1471-2377-5-15 Jarzebska, 2006, Evaluation of effectiveness of the micrographia’s therapy in Parkinson’s disease patients, Pol Merkur Lek organ Pol Tow Lek, 20, 688 McLennan, 1972, Micrographia in Parkinson’s disease, J Neurol Sci, 15, 141, 10.1016/0022-510X(72)90002-0 Tomlinson, 2012, Physiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson’s disease, CD002817 Nieuwboer, 2009, Motor learning in Parkinson’s disease: limitations and potential for rehabilitation, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 15, S53, 10.1016/S1353-8020(09)70781-3 Cassimatis, 2016, The effectiveness of external sensory cues in improving functional performance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, Int J Rehabil Res, 39, 211, 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000171 Nieuwboer, 2007, Cueing training in the home improves gait-related mobility in Parkinson’s disease: the RESCUE trial, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 78, 134, 10.1136/jnnp.200X.097923 Schmidt, 1999, Control and learning: a behavioral emphasis, Hum Kinet Oliveira, 1997, Micrographia in Parkinson’s disease: the effect of providing external cues, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 63, 429, 10.1136/jnnp.63.4.429 Bryant, 2010, An investigation of two interventions for micrographia in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, Clin Rehabil, 24, 1021, 10.1177/0269215510371420 Spaulding, 2013, Cueing and gait improvement among people with Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 94, 562, 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.026 Rocha, 2014, Effects of external cues on gait parameters of Parkinson’s disease patients: a systematic review, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 124, 127, 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.06.026 Ridgel, 2012, Active-assisted cycling improves tremor and bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 93, 2049, 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.015 Ridgel, 2011, Acute effects of passive leg cycling on upper extremity tremor and bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease, Phys Sportsmed., 39, 83, 10.3810/psm.2011.09.1924 Ridgel, 2013, Variability in cadence during forced cycling predicts motor improvement in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 21, 481, 10.1109/TNSRE.2012.2225448 Chang, 2015, Cycling regimen induces spinal circuitry plasticity and improves leg muscle coordination in individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 96, 1006, 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.01.021 McGough, 2016, A tandem cycling program: feasibility and physical performance outcomes in people with Parkinson disease, J Neurol Phys Ther., 40, 223, 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000146 Mohammadi-Abdar, 2016, Test and validation of a smart exercise bike for motor rehabilitation in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 24, 1254, 10.1109/TNSRE.2016.2549030 Nackaerts, 2016, Opposite effects of visual cueing during writing-like movements of different amplitudes in Parkinson’s disease, Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 30, 431, 10.1177/1545968315601361 Azulay, 1999, Visual control of locomotion in PD, Brain, 122, 111, 10.1093/brain/122.1.111 Snijders, 2011, Cycling is less affected than walking in freezers of gait, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 83, 575, 10.1136/jnnp-2011-300375 Changa, 2018, An 8-week low-intensity progressive cycling training improves motor functions in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease, J Clin Neurol., 14, 225, 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.2.225 Ferrazzoli, 2018, Efficacy of intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease: a randomised controlled study, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 89, 828, 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316437 Ma, 2013, Progressive micrographia shown in horizontal, but not vertical, writing in Parkinson’s disease, Behav Neurol, 27, 169, 10.1155/2013/212675 Wu, 2016, Neural correlates underlying micrographia in Parkinson’s disease, Brain, 139, 144, 10.1093/brain/awv319 Ziliotto, 2015, Handwriting rehabilitation in parkinson disease: a pilot study, Ann Rehabil Med, 39, 586, 10.5535/arm.2015.39.4.586 Nackaerts, 2016, Relearning of writing skills in Parkinson’s disease after intensive amplitude training, Mov Disord, 31, 1209, 10.1002/mds.26565