Effects of field characteristics on abundance of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) and seed yield in red clover fields
Tóm tắt
Red clover is a key floral ressource for bumblebees (Bombus spp.). We here investigate variation within and among red clover fields in species richness and abundance of Bombus spp. in addition to Apis mellifera. Bumblebee individuals were grouped into the following functional groups, based on castes and tongue length: (1) all queens, (2) all workers, (3) short-tongued workers and (4) long-tongued workers. In 14 study fields, no spatial or diurnal within-field differences were found in abundances of bee groups. However, seasonal differences were detected. On average 6.3±0.6 Bombus spp. were observed in each field. In general, maximum observed bee abundances of a field were not associated with field size, weediness, or presence of commercial honeybee hives. However, long-tongued bumblebee abundance was significantly lower in fields with beehives. Seed yield was marginally higher in less weedy fields, but not significantly augmented by presence of bee hives.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Benton T. (2006) Bumblebees: The natural history and identification of the species found in Britain, Collins, London.
Bond D.A., Pope M. (1974) Factors affecting the proportions cross-bred and self-bred seed obtained from field bean (Vicia faba L.) crops, J. Agr. Sci. 83, 343–351.
Brødsgaard C.J., Hansen H. (2002) Pollination of red clover in Denmark, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, DIAS report No. 71.
Carvell C., Roy D.B., Smart S.M., Pywell R.F., Preston C.D., Goulson D. (2006) Declines in forage availability for bumblebees at a national scale, Biol. Conserv. 132, 481–489.
Carvell C., Westrich P., Meek W.R., Pywell R.F., Nowakowski M. (2005) Assessing the value of annual and perennial forage mixtures for bumblebees by direct observation and pollen analysis, Apidologie 37, 326–340.
Colla S.R., Packer L. (2008) Evidence for decline in eastern North American bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with special focus on Bombus affinis Cresson, Biodiv. Conserv. 17, 1379–1391.
Corbet S.A. (1995) Insects, plants and succession: advantages of long-term set-aside, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 53, 201–217.
Corbet S.A., Saville N.M., Fussell M., Prys-Jones O.E., Unwin D.M. (1995) The Competition Box: A Graphical Aid to Forecasting Pollinator Performance, J. Appl. Ecol. 32, 707–719.
Darvill B., Knight M.E., Goulson D. (2004) Use of genetic markers to quantify bumblebee foraging range and nest density, Oikos 107, 471–478.
Delaplane K.S., Mayer D.F. (2000) Crop pollination by bees, CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
Fitzpatrick U., Murray T.E., Paxton R.J., Breen J., Cotton D., Santorum V., Brown M.J.F. (2007) Rarity and decline in bumblebees — A test of causes and correlates in the Irish fauna, Biol. Conserv. 136, 185–194.
Forup M.L., Memmott J. (2005) The relationship between the abundances of bumblebees and honey-bees in a native habitat, Ecol. Entomol. 30, 47–57.
Free J.B. (1993) Insect pollination of crops, Academic Press, London.
Free J.B., Williams I.H. (1976) Pollination as a factor limiting the yield of field beans (Vicia faba L.), J. Agric. Sci. 87, 395–399.
Fussell M., Corbet S.A. (1992) Flower usage by bumble-bees: A basis for forage plant management, J. Appl. Ecol. 29, 451–465.
Goulson D. (2003) Bumblebees: their behaviour and ecology, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Goulson D. (2005) Causes of rarity in bumblebees, Biol. Conserv. 122, 1–8.
Goulson D., Lye G.C., Darvill B. (2008) Decline and conservation of bumble bees, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 53, 191–208.
Grixti J.C., Wong L.T., Cameron S.A., Favret C. (2009) Decline of bumble bees (Bombus) in the North American Midwest, Biol. Conserv. 142, 75–84.
Hawkins R.P. (1958) A survey of late flowering and singlecut red clover seed crops, J. Natl. Inst. Agr. Bot. 8, 450–461.
Kleijn D., Raemakers I. (2008) A retrospective analysis of pollen host plant use by stable and declining bumble bee species, Ecology 89, 1811–1823.
Knight M.E., Martin A.P., Bishop S., Osborne J.L., Hale R.J., Sanderson R.A., Goulson D. (2005) An interspecific comparison of foraging range and nest density of four bumblebee (Bombus) species, Mol. Ecol. 14, 1811–1822.
Knight M.E., Osborne J.L., Sanderson R.A., Hale R.J., Martin A.P., Goulson D. (2009) Bumblebee nest density and the scale of available forage in arable landscapes, Insect Conserv. Divers. 2, 116–124.
Kosior A., Celary W., Olejniczak P., Fijal J., Krol W., Solarz W., Plonka P. (2007) The decline of the bumble bees and cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) of Western and Central Europe, Oryx 41, 79–88.
Madsen H.B. (2009) Humlebier, in: Wind P. (Ed.), Den danske rødliste, Fagdatacenter for Biodiversitet og Terrestrisk Natur (B-FDC), Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, http://www.dmu.dk/Dyr_planter/redlistFrame/Artsgrupper/ (accessed on 4 February 2010) (in Danish).
Murray T.E., Kuhlmann M., Potts S.G. (2009) Conservation ecology of bees: populations, species and communities, Apidologie 40, 211–236.
Osborne J.L., Martin A.P., Carreck N.L., Swain J.L., Knight M.E., Goulson D., Hale R.J., Sanderson R.A. (2008a) Bumblebee flight distances in relation to the forage landscape, J. Anim. Ecol. 77, 406–415.
Osborne J.L., Martin A.P., Shortall C.R., Todd A.D., Goulson D., Knight M.E., Hale R.J., Sanderson R.A. (2008b) Quantifying and comparing bumblebee nest densities in gardens and countryside habitats, J. Appl. Ecol. 45, 784–792.
Rasmont P., Mersch P. (1988) Première estimation de la dérive faunique chez les bourdons de la Belgique (Hymenoptera, Apidae), Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belgique 118, 141–147 (in French).
Skovgaard O.S. (1936) Rødkløverens bestøvning, humlebier og humleboer, Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvid. og Math. Afd. Raekke 9, 1–140 (in Danish).
Stapel C. (1933) Undersøgelser over humlebier (Bombus Latr.), deres udbredelse, trækplanter og betydning for bestøvning af rødkløver (Trifolium pratense L.), Tidsskr. Planteavl 39, 193–294 (in Danish).
Thompson H.M. (2001) Assessing the exposure and toxicity of pesticides to bumblebees (Bombus sp.), Apidologie 32, 305–321.
Thompson H.M., Hunt L.V. (1999) Extrapolating from honeybees to bumblebees in pesticide risk assessment, Ecotoxicology 8, 147–166.
van der Smissen J. (2001) Die Wildbienen und Wespen Schleswig-Holsteins — Rote Liste, Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, Flintbek (in German).
Visscher P.K., Seeley T.D. (1982) Foraging strategy of honeybee colonies in a temperate deciduous forest, Ecology 63, 1790–1801.
Williams P.H. (1988) Habitat use by bumblebees (Bombus spp.), Ecol. Entomol. 13, 223–237.
Williams P.H. (2005) Does specialization explain rarity and decline British bumblebees? — A response to Goulson et al., Biol. Conserv. 122, 33–43.
Williams P.H., Araujo M.B., Rasmont P. (2007) Can vulnerability among British bumblebee (Bombus) species be explained by niche position and breadth? Biol. Conserv. 138, 493–505.
Williams P.H., Colla S.R., Xie Z. (2009) Bumblebee vulnerability: common correlates of winners and losers across three continents, Conserv. Biol. 23, 931–940.
Williams P.H., Osborne J.L. (2009) Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation world-wide, Apidologie 40, 367–387.