Ảnh hưởng của acid acetic, ethanol và SO2 đến việc loại bỏ độ axit bay hơi từ các loại rượu vang chua bằng hai chủng Saccharomyces cerevisiae thương mại

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 87 - Trang 1317-1326 - 2010
Alice Vilela-Moura1, Dorit Schuller2, Arlete Mendes-Faia1, Manuela Côrte-Real2
1Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genetics and Biotechnology, (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
2Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

Tóm tắt

Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi báo cáo về ảnh hưởng của các sự kết hợp khác nhau giữa nồng độ ban đầu của acid acetic và ethanol đến việc loại bỏ acid acetic từ các loại rượu vang chua bằng hai chủng Saccharomyces cerevisiae thương mại S26 và S29. Cả hai chủng đã giảm độ axit bay hơi của một loại rượu vang chua (1.0 g l−1 acid acetic và 11% (v/v) ethanol) lần lượt là 78% và 48%. Việc loại bỏ acid acetic bởi các chủng S26 và S29 liên quan đến việc giảm nồng độ ethanol tương ứng là 0.7% và 1.2% (v/v). Chủng S26 cho thấy hiệu suất loại bỏ tốt hơn nhờ vào khả năng chịu đựng cao hơn trước các yếu tố căng thẳng do các loại rượu vang chua tạo ra. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) trong khoảng nồng độ 95–170 mg l−1 ức chế khả năng của cả hai chủng trong việc giảm độ axit bay hơi của rượu vang chua được sử dụng trong các điều kiện thí nghiệm của chúng tôi. Do đó, việc khử axit cần phải được thực hiện trong các loại rượu vang đã được ổn định bằng cách lọc hoặc ở nồng độ SO2 lên đến 70 mg l−1. Khử axit từ các loại rượu vang với chủng S26 hiệu suất tốt hơn có liên quan đến sự thay đổi trong nồng độ của các hợp chất bay hơi. Sự gia tăng rõ rệt nhất được quan sát đối với isoamyl acetate (chuối) và ethyl hexanoate (táo, dứa), với sự gia tăng lần lượt là 18 và 25 lần, vượt ngưỡng phát hiện. Nồng độ acetaldehyde của rượu vang đã khử axit cao gấp 2.3 lần và có thể có tác động tiêu cực đến hương vị của rượu. Hơn nữa, việc khử axit cũng dẫn đến sự gia tăng nồng độ axit béo, nhưng vẫn nằm trong khoảng giá trị được mô tả cho quá trình lên men tự nhiên và dường như không có tác động tiêu cực đến các đặc tính cảm quan.

Từ khóa

#acetic acid #ethanol #SO2 #Saccharomyces cerevisiae #volatile acidity #deacidification

Tài liệu tham khảo

Albers E, Larsson C, Liden G, Niklasson C, Gustafsson L (1996) Influence of the nitrogen source on Saccharomyces cerevisiae anaerobic growth and product formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:3187–3195 Alexandre H, Nguyen Van Long T, Feuillat M, Charpentier C (1994) Contribution à l’étude des bourbes: influence sur la fermentescibilité des moûts. Rev Fr Oenol 146:11–20 Blateyron L, Sablayrolles JM (2001) Stuck and slow fermentations in enology: statistical study of causes and effectiveness of combined additions of oxygen and diammonium phosphate. J Biosci Bioeng 91(2):184–189 Boulton RB, Singleton VL, Bisson LF, Kunkee RE (1998) Yeasts and biochemistry of ethanol fermentation, principles and practices of winemaking, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 102–192 Carlton WK, Gump B, Fugelsang K, Hasson AS (2007) Monitoring acetaldehyde concentrations during micro-oxygenation of red wine by headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization. J Agric Food Chem 55:5620–5625 Casal M, Cardoso H, Leão C (1996) Mechanisms regulating the transport of acetic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol 142(6):1385–1390 Casal M, Paiva S, Andrade RP, Gancedo C, Leão C (1999) The lactate proton symport of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded by JEN1. J Bacteriol 181:2620–2623 Coote N, Kirsop HH (1974) The content of some organic acids in beer and other fermented media. J Inst Brew 80:474–483 Davis CR, Wibowo DJ, Lee TH, Fleet GH (1986) Growth and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria during and after malolactic fermentation of wines at different pH. Appl Environ Microbiol 51(3):539–545 Delfini C, Cocito C, Bonino M (1999) A review: Biochemical and molecular mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are involved in the formation of some volatile compounds in wines. J Int Sci Vigne Vin 33(4):195–211 Dos Santos MM, Gombert AK, Christensen B, Olsson L, Nielsen J (2003) Identification of in vivo enzyme activities in the cometabolism of glucose and acetate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using 13C-labeled substrates. Eukaryot Cell 2(3):599–608 Du Toit WJ, Lambrechts MG (2002) The enumeration and identification of acetic acid bacteria from South African red wine fermentations. Int J Food Microbiol 74(1–2):57–64 Edwards CG, Reynolds AF, Rodriguez AV, Semon MJ, Mills JM (1999) Implication of acetic acid in the induction of slow/stuck grape juice fermentations and inhibition of yeast by Lactobacillus sp. Am J Enol Vitic 50(2):204–210 Eglinton JM, Henschke PA (1999) Restarting incomplete fermentations: the effect of high concentrations of acetic acid. Aust J Grape Wine Res 52:71–78 Eglinton JM, Heinrich AJ, Pollnitz AP, Langridge P, Henschke PA, Lopes MB (2002) Decreasing acetic acid accumulation by a glycerol overproducing strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by deleting the ALD6 aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. Yeast 19(4):295–301 Erasmus DJ, Cliff M, van Vuuren HJJ (2004) Impact of yeast strain on the production of acetic acid, glycerol, and the sensory attributes of icewine. Am J Enol Vitic 55(4):371–378 Escudero A, Gogorza B, Melús MA, Ortín N, Cacho J, Ferreira V (2004) Characterization of the aroma of a wine from Maccabeo. Key role played by compounds with low odor activity values. J Agric Food Chem 52:3516–3524 Etievant PX (1991) Wine. In: Maarse H (ed) Volatile compounds in foods and beverages. 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 483–546 Ferreira V, Lopez R, Cacho JF (2000) Quantitative determination of the odorants of young red wines from different grape varieties. J Sci Food Agric 80(11):1659–1667 Frivik S, Ebeler S (2003) Influence of sulfur dioxide on the formation of aldehydes in white wine. Am J Enol Vitic 54(1):31–38 Giudici P, Zambonelli C, Passarelli P, Castellari L (1995) Improvement of wine composition with cryotolerant Saccharomyces strains. Am J Enol Vitic 46(1):143–147 Guth H (1997) Identification of character impact odorants of different white wine varieties. J Agric Food Chem 45:3027–3032 Henschke P (1997) Wine yeast. In: Zimmerman FK, Entian KD (eds) Yeast sugar metabolism, biochemistry, genetics, biotechnology and applications. Technomic, Lancaster, pp 527–560 Lafon-Lafourcade S, Ribéreau-Gayon P (1977) Origines de l’acidité volatile des grands vins liquoreux. C R Acad Agric Fr 9:551–557 Lambrechts MG, Pretorius IS (2000) Yeast and its importance to wine aroma—a review. S Afr J Enol Vitic 21(Special Issue):97–129 Liu SQ, Pilone GJ (2000) An overview of formation and roles of acetaldehyde in winemaking with emphasis on microbiological implications. Int J Food Sci Technol 35:49–61 Lonvaud-Funel A (1999) Lactic acid bacteria in the quality improvement and depreciation of wine. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 76:317–331 Mason AB, Dufour J (2000) Alcohol acetyltransferases and the significance of ester synthesis in yeast. Yeast 16:1287–1298 Mateo JJ, Jiménez M (2000) Monoterpenes in grape juice and wines. J Chromatogr A 881:557–567 Mckay AM (1993) Microbial carboxylic ester hydrolases (EC 3.1.1) in food biotechnology—a review. Lett Appl Microbiol 16:1–6 McLafferty FW, Stauffer DB (1989) Registry of mass spectral data. In: John Wiley & Sons (ed) The Wiley/NBS registry of mass spectral data, New York Mendes-Ferreira A, Mendes-Faia A, Leão C (2004) Growth and fermentation patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different ammonium concentrations and its implications in winemaking industry. J Appl Microbiol 97(3):540–545 Mendes-Ferreira A, Barbosa C, Falco V, Leão C, Mendes-Faia A (2009) The production of hydrogen sulphide and other aroma compounds by wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in synthetic media with different nitrogen concentrations. J Ind Microbiol Biotech 36:571–583 Molina AM, Swiegers JH, Varela C, Pretorius IS, Agosin E (2007) Influence of wine fermentation temperature on the synthesis of yeast-derived volatile aroma compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 77:675–687 Mollapour M, Piper P (2007) Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation targets the yeast Fps1 aquaglyceroporin for endocytosis, thereby rendering cells resistant to acetic acid. Mol cell Biol 27:6446–6456 Monk PR, Cowley PJ (1984) Effect of nicotinic acid and sugar concentration of grape juice and temperature on accumulation of acetic acid yeast fermentation. J Ferment Technol 62:515–521 Moruno EG, Delfini C, Pessione E, Giunta C (1993) Factors affecting acetic acid production by yeasts in strongly clarified grape musts. Microbios 74(301):249–256 Nurgel C, Erten H, Canbas A, Cabaroglu T, Selli S (2002) Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on fermentation and flavor compounds of white wines made from cv. Emir grown in Central Anatolia. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 29(1):28–33 Office International de la Vigne et du Vin (2009) International code of oenological practices. OIV, Paris, p 259 p Ong PKC, Acree TE (1999) Similarities in the aroma chemistry of Gewürztraminer variety wines and lychee (Litchi chinesis Sonn.) fruit. J Agric Food Chem 47:665–670 Paiva S, Althoff S, Casal M, Leão C (1999) Transport of acetate in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in monocarboxylate permeases. FEMS Microbiol Lett 170(2):301–306 Pampulha ME, Loureiro V (1989) Interaction of the effects of acetic acid and ethanol on inhibition of fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2(4):269–274 Patel S, Shibamoto S (2002) Effect of different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on production of volatiles in Napa gamay wine and petite syrah wine. J Agric Food Chem 50:5649–5653 Peinado RA, Moreno J, Bueno JE, Moreno JA, Mauricio JC (2004) Comparative study of aromatic compounds in two young white wines subjected to pre-fermentative cryomaceration. Food Chem 84:585–590 Perez L, Valcarcel MJ, Gonzalez P, Domecq B (1991) Influence of Botrytis infection of the grapes on the biological aging process of Fino Sherry. Am J Enol Vitic 42(1):58–62 Pinto I, Cardoso H, Leão C, van Uden N (1989) High enthalpy and low enthalpy death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by acetic acid. Biotechnol Bioeng 33(10):1350–1352 Pizarro F, Vargas FA, Agosin E (2007) A systems biology perspective of wine fermentations. Yeast 24(11):977–991 Radler F (1993) Yeast metabolism of organic acids. In: Gram H (ed) Wine microbiology and biotechnology. Harwood, Chur, pp 165–182 Rasmussen JE, Schultz E, Snyder RE, Jones RS, Smith CR (1995) Acetic acid as a causative agent in producing stuck fermentations. Am J Enol Vitic 46:278–280 Ribéreau-Gayon P, Lafon-Lafourcade S, Dubourdieu D, Lucmaret V, Larue F (1979) Métabolisme de Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans le moût de raisins parasités par Botrytis cinerea. C R Acad Sci Fr 289:441–444 Ribéreau-Gayon P, Glories Y, Maujean A, Dubourdieu D (2000) The chemistry of wine and stabilization and treatments. Handbook of enology, vol. 2, 1st edn. Wiley, Chichester Rizzon LA, Miele A (2004) Avaliação da cv. Tannat para elaboração de vinho tinto. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment 24(2):223–229 Romano P, Suzzi G (1992) Wine microbiology and biotechnology. Harwood, Chur Romano P, Suzzi G, Turbanti L, Polsinelli M (1994) Acetaldehyde production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Lett 118(3):213–218 Romano P, Suzzi G, Domizio P, Fatichenti F (1997) Secondary products formation as a tool for discriminating non-Saccharomyces wine strains. Strain diversity in non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71:239–242 Saerens SM, Verstrepen KJ, Van Laere SDM, Voet AR, Van Dijck P, Delvaux FR, Thevelein JM (2006) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae EHT1 and EEB1 genes encode novel enzymes with medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis and hydrolysis capacity. J Biol Chem 281(7):4446–4456 Schüller HJ (2003) Transcriptional control of nonfermentative metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 43(3):139–160 Thomas S, Davenport RR (1985) Zygosaccharomyces bailii, a profile of characteristics and spoilage activities. Food Microbiol 2:157–169 Viegas CA, Rosa MF, Sá-Correia I, Novais JM (1989) Inhibition of yeast growth by octanoic and decanoic acids produced during ethanolic fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 55(1):21–28 Vilela-Moura A, Schuller D, Mendes-Faia A, Côrte-Real M (2008) Reduction of volatile acidity of wines by selected yeast strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80(5):881–890 Wondra M, Boveric M (2001) Analyses of aroma components of Chardonnay wine fermented by different yeast strains. Food Technol Biotechnol 39(2):141–148