Effects of a reduction in reward magnitude on active avoidance behavior in humans
Tóm tắt
Human Ss actively avoided a tone previously paired with a decrease in monetary incentive magnitude and consequent negative contrast effects more often than did individuals the tone associated with the control group’s lower quantity of reward. These data agree with the notion that at the human level, negative incentive contrast effects are explainable in terms of an aversive motivation response.
Tài liệu tham khảo
AMSEL, A. The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous situations. Psychological Bulletin, 1958, 55, 102–119.
AMSEL, A. Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: Some recent history and a theoretical extension. Psychological Review, 1962, 69, 306–329.
BLACK, R. W. Shifts in magnitude of reward and effects in instrumental and selective learning: A reinterpretation. Psychological Review, 1968, 75, 114–126.
BROWN, T. S., & MURPHY, H. M. Hippocampal lesions, and incentive shift. Paper presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Atlantic City, 1970.
CAPALDI, E. J., & LYNCH, D. Repeated shifts in reward magnitude: Evidence in favor of an associations! and absolute (noncontextual) interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1967, 75, 223–235.
DUNHAM, P. J. Contrasted conditions of reinforcement: A selective critique. Psychological Bulletin, 1968, 69, 295–315.
MIKULKA, P. J., LEHR, R., & PAVLIK, W. B. Effect of reinforcement schedule on reward shifts. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1967, 74, 57–61.
ROSEN, A. J., Glass, D. H., & Ison, J. R. Amobarbital sodium and instrumental performance changes following reward reduction. Psychonomic Science, 1967, 9, 129–130.
ROSEN, A. J., & TESSEL, R. E. Chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide and incentive shift performance in the rat. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 1970, 72, 257–262.
SPENCE, K. W. Behavior theory and Conditioning. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1956. Pp. 127–137.
SPENCE, K. W. The roles of reinforcement and nonreinforcement in simple learning. In Behavior theory and learning. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1960.
WEINSTEIN, L. Magnitude of incentive contrast as a function of amount of verbal reward change. Psychonomic Science, 1970, 21, 65–66.
WEINSTEIN, L., & COLUCCI, V. M. Negative incentive contrast effects with verbal reinforcement. Psychonomic Science, 1970, 318.