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Tác động của việc làm ấm đất và bổ sung nước đến quá trình thoát hơi nước của cây phong đường trưởng thành
Tóm tắt
Cây phong đường (Acer saccharum), một loài cây gỗ và cây lấy siro có giá trị kinh tế, được dự đoán sẽ không phát triển tốt dưới những điều kiện khí hậu tương lai được mong đợi. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu của chúng tôi là (1) phân tích tác động của việc ấm lên và sự sẵn có của độ ẩm đất đến tỷ lệ thoát hơi nước của các cây phong đường trưởng thành thông qua một thí nghiệm làm ấm đất đầy đủ yếu tố × bổ sung nước và (2) xác định yếu tố môi trường chính tác động đến quá trình thoát hơi nước của cây phong đường ở khu vực Tây Bắc Trung Mỹ. Trong suốt ba mùa sinh trưởng, chúng tôi đã theo dõi dòng nhựa của 33 cây trong tám ô thí nghiệm rộng 100 m2, với hai lần lặp lại cho bốn điều trị: (1) nhiệt (đất được làm ấm +4°C), (2) nước (1.3 × lượng mưa bình quân trong mùa sinh trưởng), (3) nhiệt + nước, và (4) kiểm soát. Như dự đoán, quá trình thoát hơi nước của cây phong đường đã giảm dưới các điều trị nhiệt trong tất cả các năm và tăng lên trong các điều trị nước trong năm thứ nhất và thứ hai, tất cả đều phụ thuộc chủ yếu vào độ ẩm của đất. Tuy nhiên, trong điều trị nhiệt + nước, việc bổ sung nước chỉ bù đắp cho sự bốc hơi nước của đất do ấm lên vào năm thứ nhất (2011), đó là năm khô hạn nhất. Mặc dù có bằng chứng rõ ràng về tác động của điều trị do độ ẩm đất, ánh sáng là yếu tố chính điều khiển sự biến thiên theo mùa của dòng nhựa trong hệ sinh thái tập trung nhiều cây phong đường này có mùa sinh trưởng tương đối ngắn. Tuy nhiên, dòng nhựa bị giảm khi độ ẩm của đất giảm, và do đó, khả năng thu C ròng có thể cũng giảm. Nhìn chung, kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng mặc dù loài cây ôn đới phía bắc này chủ yếu bị giới hạn bởi ánh sáng, năng suất của cây phong đường có thể giảm do khí hậu ấm lên tại những khu vực khô hạn trong phạm vi hiện tại, nếu sự ấm lên không đi kèm với sự gia tăng đủ về lượng mưa.
Từ khóa
#cây phong đường #thoát hơi nước #độ ẩm đất #khí hậu ấm lên #năng suất sinh họcTài liệu tham khảo
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