Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Pigs

2007, Decontamination of aflatoxin duckling feed with aqueous citric acid treatment, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 135, 249, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.009

Garcia, 2011, Effect of oral supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri in reduction of intestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 in rats, J. Basic Microb., 51, 263, 10.1002/jobm.201000119

IARC (2012). Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Chemical Agents and Related Occupations: Iarc Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Eaton, 1994, Mechanisms of Aflatoxin Carcinogenesis, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 34, 135, 10.1146/annurev.pa.34.040194.001031

Liu, T., Ma, Q., Zhao, L., Jia, R., Zhang, J., Ji, C., and Wang, X. (2016). Protective Effects of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganderma lucidum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Level of Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins, 8.

Magnoli, 2011, Effect of low levels of aflatoxin B1 on performance, biochemical parameters, and aflatoxin B1 in broiler liver tissues in the presence of monensin and sodium bentonite, Poult. Sci., 90, 48, 10.3382/ps.2010-00971

Yunus, 2011, Aflatoxin B1 in Affecting Broiler’s Performance, Immunity, and Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of History and Contemporary Issues, Toxins, 3, 566, 10.3390/toxins3060566

Marin, 2002, Changes in performance, blood parameters, humoral and cellular immune responses in weanling piglets exposed to low doses of aflatoxin, J. Anim. Sci., 80, 1250, 10.2527/2002.8051250x

Bintvihok, 2002, Residues of Aflatoxins in the Liver, Muscle and Eggs of Domestic Fowls, J. Vet. Med. Sci., 64, 1037, 10.1292/jvms.64.1037

Chen, 2019, Fumonisin B1 damages the barrier functions of porcine intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 33, e22397, 10.1002/jbt.22397

Rawal, 2011, Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in Turkey liver microsomes: The relative roles of cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, Toxicol. Appl. Pharm., 254, 349, 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.010

Meissonnier, 2008, Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin B1: Impairment of the cell-mediated response to vaccine antigen and modulation of cytokine expression, Toxicol. Appl. Pharm., 231, 142, 10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.004

Lindemann, 1993, Potential ameliorators of aflatoxicosis in weanling/growing swine, J. Anim. Sci., 71, 171, 10.2527/1993.711171x

Harvey, 1988, Progression of aflatoxicosis in growing barrows, Am. J. Vet. Res., 49, 482

Schell, 1993, Effects of feeding aflatoxin-contaminated diets with and without clay to weanling and growing pigs on performance, liver function, and mineral metabolism, J. Anim. Sci., 71, 1209, 10.2527/1993.7151209x

FAO (1997). Worldwide Regulations for Mycotoxins 1995, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A Compendium Fao Food & Nutrition Paper.

Rodrigues, 2012, A three-year survey on the worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and feed, Toxins, 4, 663, 10.3390/toxins4090663

Binder, 2007, Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients, Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 137, 265, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.005

Grenier, 2013, Modulation of Intestinal Functions Following Mycotoxin Ingestion: Meta-Analysis of Published Experiments in Animals, Toxins, 5, 396, 10.3390/toxins5020396

Fan, 2013, Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on growth performance, meat quality and aflatoxin residues in broilers fed moldy peanut meal naturally contaminated with aflatoxins, Food Chem. Toxicol., 59, 748, 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.010

NRC (2012). Nutrient Requirements of Swine, The National Academies Press. [7th Revised ed.].

Furuya, 2001, Use of acid-insoluble ash added with celite as a marker for determining digestibility in pigs, Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi, 38, 171, 10.5938/youton.38.171

AOAC (1995). Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC International. [16th ed.].

Livak, 2001, Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2 −ΔΔ C T Method, Methods, 25, 402, 10.1006/meth.2001.1262

Qi, 2011, Effects of different dietary protein sources on cecal microflora in rats, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10, 3704

Chen, 2013, Dietary fibre affects intestinal mucosal barrier function and regulates intestinal bacteria in weaning piglets, Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci., 110, 1837

Chaytor, 2011, Occurrence and Decontamination of Mycotoxins in Swine Feed, Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 24, 723, 10.5713/ajas.2011.10358

Chaytor, 2011, Effects of chronic exposure of diets with reduced concentrations of aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol on growth and immune status of pigs, J. Anim. Sci., 89, 124, 10.2527/jas.2010-3005

Weaver, 2013, The Use of Feed Additives to Reduce the Effects of Aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol on Pig Growth, Organ Health and Immune Status during Chronic Exposure, Toxins, 5, 1261, 10.3390/toxins5071261

Meissonnier, 2007, Selective impairment of drug-metabolizing enzymes in pig liver during subchronic dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1, Food Chem. Toxicol., 45, 2145, 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.012

Thieu, 2008, Efficacy of bentonite clay in ameliorating aflatoxicosis in piglets fed aflatoxin contaminated diets, Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 40, 649, 10.1007/s11250-008-9144-3

Oguz, 2000, Preventive efficacy of clinoptilolite in broilers during chronic aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb) exposure, Res. Vet. Sci., 69, 197, 10.1053/rvsc.2000.0417

Han, 2013, Changes in Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Nutrient Digestibility of Cherry Valley Ducks in Response to Aflatoxin B1 Levels, Livest. Sci., 119, 216, 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.04.006

Fu, 2013, Effectiveness of maifanite in reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin B1 on hematology, aflatoxin B1 residues, and antioxidant enzymes activities of weanling piglets, Livest. Sci., 157, 218, 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.032

Duthie, 1968, Toxic ground-nut meal in feeds for pigs. 2. The effect of consuming toxic groundnut meal during part of the growing period or during the finishing period, Vet. Rec., 82, 427

Hintz, 1967, Aflatoxin Toxicity in Swine, Exp. Biol. Med., 124, 266, 10.3181/00379727-124-31719

Breves, 2007, Transport of nutrients and electrolytes across the intestinal wall in pigs, Livest. Sci., 109, 4, 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.021

Yin, 2014, Dietary arginine supplementation enhances intestinal expression of SLC7A7 and SLC7A1 and ameliorates growth depression in mycotoxin-challenged pigs, Amino Acids, 46, 883, 10.1007/s00726-013-1643-5

Feng, 2016, Effects of maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive physiology in ducks, Poult. Sci., 96, 1948, 10.3382/ps/pew420

Chen, 2016, Effects of dietary protein concentration on performance and nutrient digestibility in Pekin ducks during aflatoxicosis, Poult. Sci., 95, 834, 10.3382/ps/pev378

Sergent, 2008, Molecular and cellular effects of food contaminants and secondary plant components and their plausible interactions at the intestinal level, Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 813, 10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.006

Thompson, 1987, The effect of the route of nutrient delivery on gut structure and diamine oxidase levels, J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr., 11, 28, 10.1177/014860718701100128

Chen, 2018, Chlorogenic acid improves intestinal barrier functions by suppressing mucosa inflammation and improving antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs, J. Nutr. Biochem., 2018, 84, 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.005

Pu, 2018, Protective Effects of Benzoic Acid, Bacillus Coagulans, and Oregano Oil on Intestinal Injury Caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Weaned Piglets, BioMed Res. Int., 2018, 1, 10.1155/2018/1829632

Circu, 2012, Intestinal redox biology and oxidative stress, Semin. Cell Dev. Biol., 23, 729, 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.03.014

Kodama, 1990, Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Formation of Free Radicals From Aflatoxin B 1, Free Radic. Res. Commun., 10, 137, 10.3109/10715769009149882

Wan, 2018, Alginate oligosaccharide enhances intestinal integrity of weaned pigs through altering intestinal inflammatory responses and antioxidant status, RSC Adv., 8, 13482, 10.1039/C8RA01943F

Cao, 2014, Effects of astaxanthin and esterified glucomannan on hematological and serum parameters, and liver pathological changes in broilers fed aflatoxin-B1-contaminated feed, Anim. Sci. J., 85, 150, 10.1111/asj.12103

Pu, 2016, Trace Mineral Overload Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in Pigs with Long-Term High-Level Dietary Mineral Exposure, J. Agric. Food Chem., 64, 1841, 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05613

Pedersen, 2014, Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) regulate intestinal immunity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) inflammation, Trends Mol. Med., 20, 652, 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.006

Alsadi, 2009, Mechanism of cytokine modulation of epithelial tight junction barrier, Front. Biosci., 14, 2765, 10.2741/3413

Marteau, 2007, Probiotics and Prebiotics: Effects on Diarrhea, J. Nutr., 137, 205

Croswell, 2009, Prolonged Impact of Antibiotics on Intestinal Microbial Ecology and Susceptibility to Enteric Salmonella Infection, Infect. Immun., 77, 2741, 10.1128/IAI.00006-09

Liew, 2018, Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota, Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 8, 60, 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00060

Oswald, 2003, Mycotoxin fumonisin B1 increases intestinal colonization by pathogenic Escherichia coli in pigs, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 5870, 10.1128/AEM.69.10.5870-5874.2003

Mclamb, B.L., Gibson, A.J., Overman, E.L., Chad, S., Moeser, A.J., and Colette, K.L. (2013). Early Weaning Stress in Pigs Impairs Innate Mucosal Immune Responses to Enterotoxigenic E. coli Challenge and Exacerbates Intestinal Injury and Clinical Disease. PLoS ONE, 8.