Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines

Biological Conservation - Tập 161 - Trang 230-238 - 2013
Jonas Geldmann1, Megan Barnes2, Lauren Coad3, Ian D. Craigie4, Marc Hockings2, Neil D. Burgess1,5
1Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
2School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Australia
3Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
4ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia
5UNEP, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Adams, 2008, Population dynamics and harvest characteristics of wolves in the Central Brooks Range, Alaska. Wildlife. Monogr., 170, 1, 10.2193/2008-012

Alodos, 2004, Variations in landscape patterns and vegetation cover between 1957 and 1994 in a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem, Landscape Ecol., 19, 543

Alsheikh-Ali, 2011, Public availability of published research data in high-impact journals, PLoS One, 6, e24357, 10.1371/journal.pone.0024357

Armenteras, 2006, Patterns and causes of deforestation in the Colombian Amazon, Ecol. Indic., 6, 353, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.03.014

Balme, 2010, Edge effects and the impact of non-protected areas in carnivore conservation: leopards in the Phinda-Mkhuze Complex, South Africa, Anim. Conserv., 13, 315, 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00342.x

Balmford, 2009, A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism, PLoS Biol., 7, e1000144, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000144

Bertzky, 2012

Bhattacharya, 1993, The status of the Kaziranga Rhino population, Tiger Papers, 1, 1

Blake, 2008, Roadless wilderness area determines forest Elephant movements in the Congo Basin, PLoS One, 3, e3546, 10.1371/journal.pone.0003546

Bleher, 2006, Assessment of threat status and management effectiveness in Kakamega Forest, Kenya, Biodivers. Conserv., 15, 1159, 10.1007/s10531-004-3509-3

Bray, 2008, Tropical deforestation, community forests, and protected areas in the Maya forest, Ecol. Soc., 13, 56, 10.5751/ES-02593-130256

Brereton, 2008, The changing status of the Chalkhill Blue butterfly Polyommatus coridon in the UK: the impacts of conservation policies and environmental factors, J. Insect Conserv., 12, 629, 10.1007/s10841-007-9099-0

Brooks, 2004, Coverage provided by the global protected-area system: is it enough?, Bioscience, 54, 1081, 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[1081:CPBTGP]2.0.CO;2

Brooks, 2006, Global biodiversity conservation priorities, Science, 313, 58, 10.1126/science.1127609

Brower, 2002, Quantitative changes in forest quality in a principal overwintering area of the monarch butterfly in Mexico, 1971–1999, Conserv. Biol., 16, 346, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00572.x

Bruner, 2001, Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity, Science, 291, 125, 10.1126/science.291.5501.125

Butchart, 2010, Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines, Science, 328, 1164, 10.1126/science.1187512

Campos, 2006, Smallholders, the Amazon’s new conservationists, Conserv. Biol., 20, 1553, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00546.x

Caro, 1999, Densities of mammals in partially protected areas: the Katavi ecosystem of western Tanzania, J. Appl. Ecol., 36, 205, 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00392.x

Carrillo, 2000, Monitoring mammal populations in Costa Rican protected areas under different hunting restrictions, Conserv. Biol., 14, 1580, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99103.x

Catry, 2009, Identifying the effectiveness and constraints of conservation interventions: a case study of the endangered lesser kestrel, Biol. Conserv., 142, 2782, 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.011

Coad, 2008, Progress towards the convention on biological diversity terrestrial 2010 and marine 2012 targets for protected area coverage, Parks, 17, 35

Craigie, 2010, Large mammal population declines in Africa’s protected areas, Biol. Conserv., 143, 2221, 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.007

Curran, 2004, Lowland forest loss in protected areas of Indonesian Borneo, Science, 303, 1000, 10.1126/science.1091714

DeFries, 2005, Increasing islolation of protected areas in tropical forests over the past twenty years, Ecol. Appl., 15, 19, 10.1890/03-5258

Devictor, 2007, Can common species benefit from protected areas?, Biol. Conserv., 139, 29, 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.05.021

Dudley, 2008

Dudley, 1999

Eberhardt, 2007, A seventy-year history of trends in Yellowstone’s northern elk herd, J. Wildlife Manag., 71, 594, 10.2193/2005-770

Ellis, 2008, Is community-based forest management more effective than protected areas?: a comparison of land use/land cover change in two neighboring study areas of the Central Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, For. Ecol. Manage., 256, 1971, 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.036

Fellers, 1993, Disappearance of the cascades frog Rana cascadae at the southern end of its range, California, USA, Biol. Conserv., 65, 177, 10.1016/0006-3207(93)90447-9

Ferraro, 2009, Counterfactual thinking and impact evaluation in environmental policy, New Dir. Eval., 2009, 75, 10.1002/ev.297

Ferraro, 2002, The cost-effectiveness of conservation payments, Land Econ., 78, 339, 10.2307/3146894

Forrest, 2012, Conservation and climate change: assessing the vulnerability of snow leopard habitat to treeline shift in the Himalaya, Biol. Conserv., 150, 129, 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.001

Gaveau, 2007, Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: have protected areas halted forest loss and logging, and promoted re-growth?, Biol. Conserv., 134, 495, 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.08.035

Geldmann, J., Barnes, M., Coad, L., Craigie, I.N., Hockings, M., Burgess, N., 2013. Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing biodiversity and habitat loss. CEE 10-007, Collaboration for Environmental Evidence. Available from: <http://www.environmentalevidence.org/ SR10007.html>.

Gough, 2006, Demography and population dynamics in the elephants Loxodonta africana of Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa: is there evidence of density dependent regulation?, Oryx, 40, 434, 10.1017/S0030605306001189

Harrington, 1999, Establishing the causes of the roan antelope decline in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, Biol. Conserv., 90, 69, 10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00120-7

Herremans, 2000, Land use and the conservation status of raptors in Botswana, Biol. Conserv., 94, 31, 10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00166-4

Hilborn, 2006, Effective enforcement in a conservation area, Science, 314, 1266, 10.1126/science.1132780

Jachmann, 2008, Monitoring law-enforcement performance in nine protected areas in Ghana, Biol. Conserv., 141, 89, 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.09.012

Joppa, 2010, Reassessing the forest impacts of protection. The challenge of nonrandom location and a corrective method, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1185, 135, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05162.x

Joppa, 2008, On the protection of protected areas, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 105, 6673, 10.1073/pnas.0802471105

Joppa, 2011, Global protected area impacts, Proc. R. Soc. B – Biol. Sci., 278, 1633, 10.1098/rspb.2010.1713

Kleiman, 2000, Improving the evaluation of conservation programs, Conserv. Biol., 14, 356, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98553.x

Leverington, 2010, A global analysis of protected area management effectiveness, Environ. Manage., 46, 685, 10.1007/s00267-010-9564-5

Liu, 2001, Ecological degradation in protected areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas, Science, 292, 98, 10.1126/science.1058104

Loh, 2005, The living planet index: using species population time series to track trends in biodiversity, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci., 360, 289, 10.1098/rstb.2004.1584

Ma, 2009, Conflicts between biodiversity conservation and development in a biosphere reserve, J. Appl. Ecol., 46, 527, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01528.x

Margules, 2000, Systematic conservation planning, Nature, 405, 243, 10.1038/35012251

Mas, 2005, Assessing protected area effectiveness using surrounding (buffer) areas environmentally similar to the target area, Environ. Monit. Assess., 105, 69, 10.1007/s10661-005-3156-5

McCarthy, 2012, Financial costs of meeting global biodiversity conservation targets: current spending and unmet needs, Science, 338, 946, 10.1126/science.1229803

Mduma, 1999, Food regulates the Serengeti Wildebeest: a 40-year record, J. Anim. Ecol., 68, 1101, 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00352.x

Meijaard, 2000, The local extinction of the proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus in Pulau Kaget Nature Reserve, Indonesia, Oryx, 34, 66, 10.1017/S003060530003091X

Meir, 2004, Does conservation planning matter in a dynamic and uncertain world?, Ecol. Lett., 7, 615, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00624.x

Mertens, 2004, Modeling deforestation at distinct geographic scales and time periods in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Int. Reg. Sci. Rev., 27, 271, 10.1177/0160017604266027

Metzger, 2010, Evaluating the protection of wildlife in parks: the case of African buffalo in Serengeti, Biodivers. Conserv., 19, 3431, 10.1007/s10531-010-9904-z

Mwangi, 2010, Tracking trends in key sites for biodiversity: a case study using Important Bird Areas in Kenya, Bird Conserv. Int., 20, 215, 10.1017/S0959270910000456

Nelson, 2009

Nelson, 2001, Deforestation, land use, and property rights: empirical evidence from Darién, Panama, Land Econ., 77, 187, 10.2307/3147089

Nepstad, 2006, Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and indigenous lands, Conserv. Biol., 20, 65, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00351.x

Oestreicher, 2009, Avoiding deforestation in Panamanian protected areas: an analysis of protection effectiveness and implications for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, Global Environ. Change, 19, 279, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.003

Ottichilo, W.K., De, L.J., Skidmore, A.K., Prins, H.H.T., Said, M.Y., 2000. Population trends of large nonmigratory wild herbivores and livestock in the Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya, between 1977 and 1997. Afr. J.Ecol. 38, 202–216.

Owen-Smith, 2005, Correlates of survival rates for 10 African ungulate populations: density, rainfall and predation, J. Anim. Ecol., 74, 774, 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00974.x

Palomares, 2000, Iberian lynx in a fragmented landscape: predispersal, dispersal, and postdispersal habitats, Conserv. Biol., 14, 809, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98539.x

Pedrono, 2009, Status and distribution of the Endangered banteng Bos javanicus birmanicus in Vietnam: a conservation tragedy, Oryx, 43, 618, 10.1017/S0030605309990147

Pettorelli, 2010, Carnivore biodiversity in Tanzania: revealing the distribution patterns of secretive mammals using camera traps, Anim. Conserv., 13, 131, 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00309.x

Pullin, 2009, Doing more good than harm - Building an evidence-base for conservation and environmental management, Biol. Conserv., 142, 931, 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.01.010

Redford, 1992, The Empty forest, Bioscience, 42, 412, 10.2307/1311860

Rodrigues, 2004, Global gap analysis: priority regions for expanding the global protected-area network, Bioscience, 54, 1092, 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[1092:GGAPRF]2.0.CO;2

Scharlemann, 2010, Securing tropical forest carbon: the contribution of protected areas to REDD, Oryx, 44, 352, 10.1017/S0030605310000542

Schlicht, 2009, Meta-analysis of survey data to assess trends of prairie butterflies in Minnesota, USA during 1979–2005, J. Insect Conserv., 13, 429, 10.1007/s10841-008-9192-z

Sergio, 2005, Preservation of wide-ranging top predators by site-protection: black and red kites in Donana National Park, Biol. Conserv., 125, 11, 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.002

Sinclair, 2007, Long-term ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti: Lessons for conservation, Conserv. Biol., 21, 580, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00699.x

Stem, 2005, Monitoring and evaluation in conservation: a review of trends and approaches, Conserv. Biol., 19, 295, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00594.x

Stoner, 2007, Assessment of effectiveness of protection strategies in Tanzania based on a decade of survey data for large herbivores, Conserv. Biol., 21, 635, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00705.x

Struhsaker, 2005, Conserving Africa’s rain forests: problems in protected areas and possible solutions, Biol. Conserv., 123, 45, 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.10.007

Suárez, 1993, Nature-reserves and the conservation of Iberian shrubsteppe passerines – the paradox of nest predation, Biol. Conserv., 64, 77, 10.1016/0006-3207(93)90385-E

Tambling, 2005, Modelling Wildebeest Population Dynamics: implications of predation and harvesting in a closed system, J. Appl. Ecol., 42, 431, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01039.x

Taylor, 2011, What works for threatened species recovery? an empirical evaluation for Australia, Biodivers. Conserv., 20, 767, 10.1007/s10531-010-9977-8

Theberge, 2006, Pitfalls of applying adaptive management to a wolf population in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Environ. Manage., 37, 451, 10.1007/s00267-004-1041-6

Thirgood, 2004, Can parks protect migratory ungulates? the case of the Serengeti wildebeest, Anim. Conserv., 7, 113, 10.1017/S1367943004001404

Tole, 2002, Habitat loss and anthropogenic disturbance in Jamaica’s Hellshire Hills area, Biodivers. Conserv., 11, 575, 10.1023/A:1015593032374

Tranquilli, 2012, Lack of conservation effort rapidly increases African great ape extinction risk, Conserv. Lett., 5, 48, 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00211.x

Wegge, 2009, Predator-prey relationships and responses of ungulates and their predators to the establishment of protected areas: a case study of tigers, leopards and their prey in Bardia National Park, Nepal, Biol. Conserv., 142, 189, 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.020

Western, 2009, The status of wildlife in protected areas compared to non-protected areas of Kenya, PLoS One, 4, e6140, 10.1371/journal.pone.0006140

Whitehead, 2008, Large scale predator control improves the productivity of a rare New Zealand riverine duck, Biol. Conserv., 141, 2784, 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.013

Wilkie, 2011, The empty forest revisited, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1223, 120, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05908.x