Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Hiệu quả của việc cai thuốc lá đối với nhóm dân số có nguy cơ cao mắc ung thư phổi qua sàng lọc sớm: một nghiên cứu tổng hợp hệ thống và phân tích tổng hợp các thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng đến tháng 1 năm 2022
Tóm tắt
Ung thư phổi luôn là loại khối u ác tính có tỷ lệ mắc cao nhất. Hút thuốc lá là yếu tố nguy cơ quan trọng nhất đối với ung thư phổi. Mặc dù đã quan sát thấy những tác động tích cực tiềm năng của các can thiệp cai thuốc lá đối với nhóm dân số có nguy cơ cao mắc ung thư phổi, nhưng bằng chứng về hiệu quả chắc chắn của nó vẫn chưa rõ ràng. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tóm tắt các bằng chứng liên quan đến các tác động và độ an toàn của các can thiệp cai thuốc lá cho nhóm dân số có nguy cơ cao mắc ung thư phổi. Một tìm kiếm tài liệu hệ thống đã được thực hiện qua bảy cơ sở dữ liệu sau: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO và Science Direct. Việc sàng lọc và đánh giá nguy cơ sai lệch đã được thực hiện bởi hai đánh giá viên độc lập. Phân tích tổng hợp đã được tiến hành cho tỷ lệ cai thuốc mãn tính trong 7 ngày và cai thuốc liên tục bằng phần mềm RevMan 5.3. Kết quả phân tích tổng hợp cho thấy trong tỷ lệ cai thuốc trong 7 ngày (theo kết quả báo cáo của bệnh nhân): can thiệp cá nhân hóa cao hơn đáng kể so với chăm sóc tiêu chuẩn [RR = 1.46, 95%CI = (1.04, 2.06), P < 0.05]. Hơn nữa, các can thiệp cai thuốc lá cũng cao hơn đáng kể so với chăm sóc tiêu chuẩn [RR = 1.58, 95%CI = (1.12, 2.23), P < 0.05] trong thời gian theo dõi 1–6 tháng. Theo các phát hiện về việc hút thuốc lá thông thường, tỷ lệ cai thuốc liên tục của thuốc lá điện tử (được xác minh sinh hóa): thuốc lá điện tử cao hơn đáng kể so với chăm sóc tiêu chuẩn [RR = 1.51, 95%CI = (1.03, 2.21), P < 0.05], và trong thời gian theo dõi 1–6 tháng, các can thiệp cai thuốc lá cũng cao hơn đáng kể so với chăm sóc tiêu chuẩn [RR = 1.51, 95%CI = (1.03, 2.21), P < 0.05]. Có thể có sự thiên lệch tồn tại trong công bố. Các kết quả của đánh giá hệ thống này cho thấy can thiệp cai thuốc lá có hiệu quả đối với những người hút thuốc có nguy cơ cao mắc ung thư phổi tham gia sàng lọc sớm, trong đó thuốc lá điện tử là tốt nhất, tiếp theo là việc cai thuốc cá nhân.
Từ khóa
#ung thư phổi #cai thuốc lá #can thiệp #nhóm nguy cơ cao #sàng lọc sớmTài liệu tham khảo
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