Effect of the surface wind flow and topography on precipitating cloud systems over the Andes and associated Amazon basin: GPM observations
Tài liệu tham khảo
Altinger de Shwarzkopf, 1982, Severe storms and tornadoes in Ar-gentina. Preprints, 59
Anabor, 2008, Serial upstream-propagating mesoscale convective system events over southeastern South America, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 3087, 10.1175/2007MWR2334.1
Anders, 2006, Spatial patterns of precipitation and topography in the Himalaya. Spec, Papers Geolo Soc. Am., 398, 39
Barros, 2000, A study of the 1999 mon-soon rainfall in a mountainous region in Central Nepal using TRMM products and rain gauge observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3683, 10.1029/2000GL011827
Bendix, 2009, Formation of convec-tive clouds at the foothills of the tropical eastern Andes (South Ecuador), J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 48, 1682, 10.1175/2009JAMC2078.1
Bhat, 2015, Vertical structure of cumulonimbus towers and intense con-vective clouds over the south Asian region during the summer monsoon season, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 1710, 10.1002/2014JD022552
Bhatt, 2005, Characteristics of monsoon rainfall around the Himalayas revealed by TRMM precipitation radar, Mon. Weather Rev., 133, 149, 10.1175/MWR-2846.1
Bousquet, 2003, Observations and impacts of upstream blocking dur-ing a widespread orographic precipitation event, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 391, 10.1256/qj.02.49
Campetella, 2002, The influence of the Andes mountains on the South American low-level flow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2002GL015451
Cetrone, 2009, Anvil clouds of tropical mesoscale convective systems in monsoon regions, Quart. J. Royal Meteorol. Soc. J. Atmos. Sci., 135, 305, 10.1002/qj.389
Chaffaut, 1998, Precipitations d'alti-tude du Nord-Chili, origen des sources de vapeur et donnas isotopiques, Bull. Inst. Fr. Etudes Andines, 27, 367
Chavez, 2017, Orographic rainfall hot spots in the Andes-Amazon transition according to the TRMM precipitation radar and in situ data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122, 5870, 10.1002/2016JD026282
Chen, 2017, Characteristics of VIRS signals within pixels of TRMM PR for warm rain in the tropics and subtropics, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 56, 789, 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0198.1
Colle, 2004, Sensitivity of orographic precipitation to changing ambient conditions and terrain geometries: An idealized modeling perspective, Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 61, 588, 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0588:SOOPTC>2.0.CO;2
De La Torre, 2004, A deep convection event above the Tunuyán valley near the Andes mountains, Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 2259, 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2259:ADCEAT>2.0.CO;2
Dee, 2011, The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553, 10.1002/qj.828
Dixon, 1993, TITAN: Thunderstorm identification, tracking, analysis, and nowcasting a radar-based methodology, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 785, 10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0785:TTITAA>2.0.CO;2
Eltahir, 1994, Precipitation recycling in the Amazon Basin, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 120, 861, 10.1002/qj.49712051806
Fu, 2018, Precipitation characteristics over the steep slope of the Himalayas observed by TRMM PR and VIRS, Clim. Dyn., 10.1007/s00382-017-3992-3
Fuenzalida, 1987, Origen del vapor de agua queprecipita sobre el Alti-plano de Chile
Galewsky, 2008, Orographic clouds in terrain-blocked flows: an idealized modeling study, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3460, 10.1175/2008JAS2435.1
Gandu, 1991, A primitive equations model study of the effect of topog-raphy on the summer circulation over tropical South America, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1822, 10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1822:APEMSO>2.0.CO;2
Garreaud, 1999, Multiscale analysis of the summertime precipitation over the Central Andes, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 901, 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0901:MAOTSP>2.0.CO;2
Garreaud, 2009, The Andes climate and weather, Adv. Geosci., 22, 3, 10.5194/adgeo-22-3-2009
Garreaud, 2001, Interannual Rainfall Variability over the South Ameri-can Altiplano, J. Clim., 14, 2779, 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2779:IRVOTS>2.0.CO;2
Garreaud, 1997, The diurnal march of convective cloudiness over the Americas, Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 3157, 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<3157:TDMOCC>2.0.CO;2
Garreaud, 2003, The climate of the Altiplano: observed current conditions and mechanisms of past changes, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 194, 5, 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00269-4
Garstang, 1994, Amazon coastal squall lines. Part I: structure and kinematics, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 608, 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0608:ACSLPI>2.0.CO;2
Giovannettone, 2009, Probing Regional Orographic Controls of Precipi-tation and Cloudiness in the Central Andes using Satellite Data, J. Hydrometeorol., 10, 167, 10.1175/2008JHM973.1
Grossman, 1984, Interaction of the low level flow with Western Ghats mountains and offshore convection in the summer monsoon, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 652, 10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0652:IOLLFW>2.0.CO;2
Hamada, 2015, Improvements in detection of light precipitation with the global precipitation measurement dual-frequency precipitation radar (GPM DPR), J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 33, 653, 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0097.1
Heymsfield, 2010, Characteristics of deep tropical and sub- tropical convection from nadir-viewing high-altitude airborne doppler radar, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 285, 10.1175/2009JAS3132.1
Hocking, 1959, The collision efficiency of small drops, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 85, 44, 10.1002/qj.49708536305
Hou, 2014, The global precipitation measurement mission, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 701, 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00164.1
Houston, 2003, The central andean west-slope rain-shadow and its poten-tical contribution to the origin of hyperaridity in the Atacama desert, Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1453, 10.1002/joc.938
Houze, 2012, Orographic effects on precipitating clouds, Rev. Geophys., 50, 10.1029/2011RG000365
Houze, 2007, Monsoon convection in the Himalayan region as seen by the TRMM precipitation radar, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 1389
Huffman, 2007, The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 38, 10.1175/JHM560.1
Insel, 2010, Influence of the Andes Mountains on south American moisture transport, convection, and precipitation, Clim. Dyn., 35, 1477, 10.1007/s00382-009-0637-1
Junquas, 2016, Influence of South Amer-ica orography on summertime precipitation in Southeastern South America, Clim. Dyn.
Junquas, 2018, Understanding the influence of orography on the precipitation diurnal cycle and the associated atmospheric processes in the Central Andes, Clim. Dyn., 10.1007/s00382-017-3858-8
Kalnay, 1996, The NCEP/NCAR 40 year reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437, 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
Kotsuki, 2014, GPM/DPR precipitation compared with a 3.5-km-resolution NICAM simulation, Sola, 10, 204, 10.2151/sola.2014-043
Kumar, 2016, Three dimensional characteristics of precipitating cloud systems ob-served during Indian summer monsoon, Adv. Spc. Res., 58, 1017, 10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.052
Kumar, 2017, A 10-year climatology of vertical properties of most active convective clouds over the Indian regions using TRMM PR, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 127, 429, 10.1007/s00704-015-1641-5
Kumar, 2017, Vertical characteristics of reflectivity in intense convective clouds using TRMM PR data, Environ. Natural Res. Res., 7, 58
Kumar, 2018, Vertical structure of precipitating shallow echoes observed from TRMM during Indian summer monsoon, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 133, 1051, 10.1007/s00704-017-2238-y
Kumar, 2016, Vertical profiles of radar reflectivity factor in intense convec-tive clouds in the tropics, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 55, 1277, 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0110.1
Kumar, 2017, Vertical structure of orographic precipitating clouds observed over South Asia during summer monsoon season, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 126, 114, 10.1007/s12040-017-0897-9
Lasher-Trapp, 2018, On different microphysical pathways to convective rain-fall, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 57, 2399, 10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0041.1
Lenters, 1995, Simulation and diagnosis of the regional summertime pre-cipitation climatology of South America, J. Clim., 8, 2988, 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2988:SADOTR>2.0.CO;2
Li, 2011, Thick anvils as viewed by the TRMM precipitation radar, J. Clim., 24, 1718, 10.1175/2010JCLI3793.1
Liu, 2005, Global distribution of convection penetrating the tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 110, 10.1029/2005JD006063
Liu, 2015, The global distribution of largest, deepest, and most intense precipitation systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 3591, 10.1002/2015GL063776
Machado, 1998, Life cycle variations of mesoscale convective systems over the Americas, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1630, 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1630:LCVOMC>2.0.CO;2
Marengo, 2004, Climatology of the low-level jet east of the Andes as derived from the NCEP–NCAR reanalyses: characteristics and temporal variability, J. Clim., 17, 2261, 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2261:COTLJE>2.0.CO;2
Markowski, 2011
Mason, 1972, Physics of thunderstorm, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci., 327, 433, 10.1098/rspa.1972.0056
Medina, 2003, Air motions and precipitation growth in Alpine storms, Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc. Spec. MAP Issue, 129, 345, 10.1256/qj.02.13
Moya-Álvarez, 2018, Sensitivity study on the influence of parameterization schemes in WRF_ARW model on short-and medium-range precipitation forecasts in the Central Andes of Peru, Adv. Meteorol., 2018, 10.1155/2018/1381092
Moya-Álvarez, 2018, Extreme rainfall forecast with the WRF-ARW model in the Central Andes of Peru, Atmosphere, 9, 362, 10.3390/atmos9090362
Moya-Álvarez, 2019, Response of the WRF model to different resolutions in the rainfall forecast over the complex Pe-,. s ruvian orography, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 1
Neiman, 2002, The statis-tical relationship between upslope flow and rainfall in California's coastal mountains: observations during CALJET, Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 1468, 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1468:TSRBUF>2.0.CO;2
Nesbitt, 2000, A census of precipitation features in the tropics using TRMM: radar, ice scattering, and lightning observations, J. Clim., 13, 4087, 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4087:ACOPFI>2.0.CO;2
Qie, 2014, Comprehensive pattern of deep convective systems over the Tibetan plateau-south Asian monsoon region based on TRMM data, J. Clim., 27, 6612, 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00076.1
Rao, 1976
Rao, 1996, Annual variation of rainfall over Brazil and water vapor characteristics over South America, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26,539, 10.1029/96JD01936
Rasmussen, 2011, Orogenic convection in subtropical South America as seen by the TRMM satellite, Mon. Weather Rev., 139, 2399, 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05006.1
Roca, 2017, A simple model of the life cycle of mesoscale con-vective systems cloud shield in the tropics, J. Clim., 30, 4283, 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0556.1
Roe, 2005, Orographic precipitation, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 33, 645, 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122541
Romatschke, 2010, Extreme summer convection in South America, J. Clim., 23, 3761, 10.1175/2010JCLI3465.1
Rosenfeld, 2006, Aircraft microphysical doc-umentation from cloud base to anvils of hailstorm feeder clouds in Argentina, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 45, 1261, 10.1175/JAM2403.1
Rotunno, 2007, Lessons on orographic precipitation from the mesoscale Alpine programme, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 811, 10.1002/qj.67
Rutllant, 1979, Boundary layer dynamics of the extremely arid northern part of chile: the Antofagasta field experiment, Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 17, 41, 10.1007/BF00121936
Sulca, 2016, Teleconnections between the Peruvian Central Andes and Northeast Brazil during extreme rainfall events in austral summer, J. Hydrometeorol., 17, 499, 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0034.1
Uppala, 2007, Evolution of reanalysis at ECMWF
Vera, 2006, The South American low-level jet experiment, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 63, 10.1175/BAMS-87-1-63
Vera, 2006, Toward a unified view of the American monsoon systems, J. Clim., 19, 4977, 10.1175/JCLI3896.1
Viale, 2015, Orographic effects of the subtropical and extratropical An-des on upwind precipitating clouds, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 4962, 10.1002/2014JD023014
Villalobos, 2019, Estudio de tormentas convectivas sobre los Andes Centrales del Perú usando los radares PR-TRMM y KuPRGPM’ Rev, Cubana Meteorol., 25, 59
Vizy, 2007, Relationship between Amazon and high Andes rainfall, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07107, 10.1029/2006JD007980
Vuille, 1999, Atmospheric circulation over the Bolivian Altiplano during dry and wet periods and extreme phases of the Southern oscillation, Int. J. Climatol., 19, 1579, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19991130)19:14<1579::AID-JOC441>3.0.CO;2-N
Vuille, 2004, Interannual variability of summertime convective cloudiness and precipitation in the Central Andes derived from ISCCP-B3 data, J. Clim., 17, 3334, 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3334:IVOSCC>2.0.CO;2
Vuille, 1998, Atmospheric circula-tion anomalies associated with 1996/1997 summer precipitation events on Sajama Ice Cap, Bolivia, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 103, 11,191, 10.1029/98JD00681
Wang, 2016, Mechanism for occurrence of precipitation over the southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau without local surface heating, Int. J. Climatol., 36, 4164, 10.1002/joc.4609
Wu, 2007, The influence of mechanical and thermal forcing by the Tibetan plateau on Asian climate, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 770, 10.1175/JHM609.1
Yang, 2011, On the climatology and trend of the at-mospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau: an experiments-supported revisit, J. Clim., 24, 1525, 10.1175/2010JCLI3848.1
Yuter, 1995, 3-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. 2. frequency-distributions of vertical velocity, reflectivity, and differential reflectivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 1941, 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1941:TDKAME>2.0.CO;2
Zhang, 2018, Impact of the surface wind flow on precipitation characteristics over the southern Himalayas: GPM observations, Atmos. Res., 202, 10, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.11.001
Zipser, 2006, Where are the most in-tense thunderstorms on earth?, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 1057, 10.1175/BAMS-87-8-1057
Zwiebel, 2016, Impacts of orography and rain intensity on rainfall structure. The case of the HyMeX IOP7a event, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 1421, 310, 10.1002/qj.2679