Effect of mercaptoethanol and Na2S dropwise addition rate on zinc sulfide semiconductor nanocrystals: synthesis and characterization

Henglein A: Small-particle research: physico-chemical properties of extremely small colloidal metal and semiconductor particles. Chem. Rev. 1989, 89: 1861–1873. Steigerwald ML, Brus LE: Semiconductor crystallites: a class of large molecules. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23: 183–188. Bawendi MG, Steigerwald ML, Brus LE: The quantum-mechanics of larger semiconductor clusters (quantum dots). Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 1990, 41: 477–496. Wang Y, Herron N: Nanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photo physical properties. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95: 525–532. Weller H: Quantized semiconductor particles: a novel state of matter for materials science. Adv. Mater. 1993, 5: 88–95. Alivisatos AP: Semiconductor clusters, nano crystals, and quantum dots. Science 1996, 271: 933–937. Eychmüller A: Structure and photo physics of semi conductor nano crystals. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104: 6514–6528. van Dijken A, Janssen AH, Smitsmans MHP, Vanmaekelbergh D, Meijerink A: Size-selective photo etching of nano crystalline semiconductor particles. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10: 3513–3522. Xu JF, Ji W, Lin JY, Tang SH, Du YW: Preparation of ZnS nanoparticles by ultrasonic radiation method. Appl Phys A 1998, 66: 639–641. Dinsmore AD, Hsu DS, Qadri SB, Cross JO, Kennedy TA, Gray HF, Ratna BR: Structure and luminescence of annealed nanoparticles of ZnS:Mn. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 88: 4985. Que W, Zhou Y, Lam YL, Chan YC, Kam CH, Liu B, Gan LM, Chew CH, Xu GQ, Chua SJ, Xu SJ, Mendis FVC: Structural and luminescence properties of nanostructured ZnS:Mn. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 73: 2727–2729. Huang J, Yang Y, Xue S, Yang B, Liu S, Shen J: All-inorganic light emitting device based on ZnO nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 70: 2335–2337. Shao LX, Chang Q, Hwang HL: Zinc sulfide thin films deposited by RF reactive sputtering for photovoltaic applications. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2003, 212: 305–310. Habib Ullah M, Il K, Ha CS: pH selective synthesis of ZnS nanocrystals and their growth and photoluminescence. Mater. Lett. 2007, 61: 4267–4271. Chestnoy N, Hull R, Brus LE: Higher excited electronic states in clusters of ZnSe, CdSe, and ZnS: spin‒orbit, vibronic, and relaxation phenomena. J. Chem. Phys. 1996, 85: 2237–2242. Lee SM, Hwang CS: Synthesis of a white-light-emitting ZnSe:Mn nanocrystal via thermal decomposition reaction of organometallic precursors. Bull Korean Chem Soc 2013, 34: 321–324. Brus LE: Electron–electron and electron‒hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state. J. Chem. Phys. 1984, 80: 4403. Wang Y, Herron N: Nanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photo physical properties. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91: 257. Awschalom DD, Kikkawa JM: Electron spin and optical coherence in semiconductors. Phys. Today 1999, 52: 33. Wang X, Ding Y, Summers CJ, Wang ZL: Large-scale synthesis of six-nanometer-wide ZnO nanobelts. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108: 8773–8777. Narayanaswamy A, Xu HF, Pradhan N, Kim M, Peng X: Synthesis of urea capped ZnS nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 10310. Khosravi AA, Kundu M, Jatwa L, Deshpande SK, Bhagwat UA, Sastry M, Kulkarni SK: Green luminescence from copper doped zinc sulphide quantum particles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 67: 2702–2704. Li Y, Meng GW, Zhang LD, Phillipp F: Ordered semiconductor ZnO nanowire arrays and their photoluminescence properties. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76: 2011–2013. Zhang YS, Wang LS, Liu XH, Yan YJ, Chen CQ, Zhu J: Effect of surface stress on the stiffness of micro/nanocantilevers: nanowire elastic modulus measured by nano-scale tensile and vibrational techniques. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109: 13091. Ibanga EJ, Le Luyer C, Mugnier J: Zinc oxide waveguide produced by thermal oxidation of chemical bath deposited zinc sulphide thin films. Matter Chem Phys 2003, 80: 490. Archana J, Navaneethan M, Ponnusamy S, Hayakawa Y, Muthamizhchelvan C: Optical, structural and surface morphological studies of bean-like triethylamine capped zinc selenide nanostructures. Mat Lett 2009, 63: 1931. Kumar A, Biebuyck HA, Whitesides GM: Patterning self-assembled monolayers: applications in materials science. Langmuir 1994, 10: 1498. Vossmeyer T, Katsikas L, Giersig M, Popovic IG, Diesner K, Chemseddine A, Eychmuller A, Weller H: CdS nano clusters: synthesis, characterization, size dependent oscillator strength, temperature shift of the excitonic transition energy, and reversible absorbance shift. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98: 7665. Murray CB, Norris DB, Bawendi MG: Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E = sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115: 8706. Patterson A: The Scherrer formula for X-ray particle size determination. Phys. Rev. 1939, 56: 978–982. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.56.978 10.1103/PhysRev.56.978 Sharma R, Chandra BP, Bisen DP: Optical properties of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles prepared by chemical routs. Chalcgenide Letters 2009, 6: 339–342. Bawendi MG, Steigerwald ML, Brus LE: The quantum mechanics of larger semiconductor cluster. Rev Phys Chem 1990, 41: 477–496. Landolt-Bornstein: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1987:168. Hartley PA, Parfitt GD, Pollack LB: The role of the van der Waals force in the agglomeration of powders containing submicron particles. Power Tech. 1985, 42: 35–46. Rema Devi BS, Raveendran R, Vaidyan AV: Synthesis and characterization of Mn2+-doped ZnS nanoparticles. Pramana-J. Phys. 2007, 68: 679–687. Rahdar A: Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol as capping agent on ZnS nanoparticles: structural and optical characterization. J. Nano. Chem. 2013, 3: 1–5. Wang Y, Herron N: Quantum size effects on the exciton energy of CdS clusters. Physical Review B 1990, 42: 7253–7255.