Ảnh hưởng của dịch chiết tảo biển đến sự phát triển của cây con cà chua (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 26 - Trang 619-628 - 2013
Rosalba Mireya Hernández-Herrera1, Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba1, Mario Alberto Ruiz-López1, Jeffrey Norrie2, Gustavo Hernández-Carmona3
1Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
2Acadian Seaplants Limited, Dartmouth, Canada
3Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico

Tóm tắt

Chiết xuất từ tảo biển được sử dụng như là chất bổ sung dinh dưỡng, chất kích thích sinh trưởng hoặc phân bón sinh học trong nông nghiệp và làm vườn để tăng cường sự phát triển và năng suất cây trồng. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã khảo sát hiệu quả của các dịch chiết tảo biển lỏng (LSEs) được làm từ Ulva lactuca, Caulerpa sertularioides, Padina gymnospora và Sargassum liebmannii như là chất kích thích sinh trưởng đối với tỷ lệ nảy mầm và sự phát triển của cây cà chua (Solanum lycopersicum) dưới các điều kiện trong phòng thí nghiệm và nhà kính thông qua việc áp dụng LSEs qua tán lá và tưới vào đất. Chúng tôi đã đánh giá LSEs ở các nồng độ khác nhau (0,2, 0,4 và 1,0 %) trên các tham số nảy mầm (tỷ lệ, chỉ số, thời gian trung bình, năng lượng, và chỉ số sinh trưởng của cây con) và các tham số tăng trưởng (chiều dài cây mầm, chiều dài rễ, chiều dài thân, chiều dài rễ, trọng lượng tươi và trọng lượng khô) của cây con cà chua. Kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy hạt giống được xử lý bằng LSEs của U. lactuca và P. gymnospora ở nồng độ thấp hơn (0,2 %) cho thấy tỷ lệ nảy mầm gia tăng (phản ứng tốt hơn trong tỷ lệ nảy mầm liên quan đến thời gian nảy mầm trung bình thấp hơn, chỉ số nảy mầm cao và năng lượng nảy mầm, và do đó tỷ lệ sinh trưởng của cây con lớn hơn và chiều dài cây mầm và rễ lớn hơn). Việc áp dụng qua tưới vào đất được phát hiện là hiệu quả hơn trong việc ảnh hưởng đến chiều cao của cây (lên đến 79 cm) so với phương pháp phun qua tán lá (75 cm). Các cây nhận LSEs của U. lactuca và P. gymnospora cho thấy chiều dài thân, chiều dài rễ và trọng lượng đều gia tăng. Hơn nữa, U. lactuca và P. gymnospora được phát hiện là những ứng viên thành công và tốt hơn để phát triển những chất kích thích sinh trưởng hiệu quả nhằm nâng cao sự phát triển của cây cà chua. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp thông tin quan trọng về việc xác định và sử dụng tài nguyên tảo biển Mexico cho nông nghiệp và là nghiên cứu đầu tiên báo cáo về việc sử dụng những tảo này như một nguồn dịch chiết lỏng như là các chất kích thích sinh trưởng trong nông nghiệp.

Từ khóa

#tảo biển #dịch chiết tảo biển #cây cà chua #chất kích thích sinh trưởng #nông nghiệp

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