Effect of individual career counseling on psychological distress: impact of career intervention components, working alliance, and career indecision

Amit, A., & Gati, I. (2013). Table or circles: A comparison of two methods for choosing among career alternatives. The Career Development Quarterly,61, 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/J.2161-0045.2013.00035.x. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives for General Psychiatry,4, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004. Bernes, K. B., Bardick, A. D., & Orr, D. T. (2007). Career guidance and counseling efficacy studies: An international research agenda. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance,7, 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-007-9114-8. Blustein, D. L., & Spengler, P. M. (1995). Personal adjustment: Career counseling and psychotherapy. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Handbook of vocational psychology: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 295–329). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy, Theory, Research, and Practice,16, 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085885. Brown, D., & Brooks, L. (1985). Career counseling as a mental health intervention. Professional Psychology, Research, and Practice,16, 860–867. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.16.6.860. Brown, S. D., & Ryan Krane, N. E. (2000). Four (or five) sessions and a cloud of dust: Old assumptions and new observations about career counseling. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (3rd ed., pp. 740–766). New York: Wiley. Brown, S. D., Ryan Krane, N. E., Brecheisen, J., Castelino, P., Budisin, I., et al. (2003). Critical ingredients of career choice interventions: More analyses and new hypotheses. Journal of Vocational Behavior,62, 411–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00052-0. Corbière, M., Bisson, J., Lauzon, S., & Ricard, N. (2006). Factorial validation of a French short-form of the Working Alliance Inventory. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,15, 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.27. Derogatis, L. R. (1977). The SCL-90 manual: Scoring, administration and procedures for the SCL-90. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Clinical Psychometrics Unit. Derogatis, L. R. (1993). The brief symptom inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedures manual-III. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems. Elad-Strenger, J., & Littman-Ovadia, H. (2012). The contribution of the counselor-client working alliance to career exploration. Journal of Career Assessment,20, 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907271142085. Field, A. (2014). Discovering statistics using SPSS (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd. Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology,43, 510–526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.510. Gati, I., & Levin, N. (2015). Making better career decisions. In P. J. Hartung, M. L. Savickas, & W. B. Walsh (Eds.), Handbook of career intervention (pp. 193–207). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Gold, J. M., & Scanlon, C. R. (1993). Psychological distress and counseling duration of career and non career clients. The Career Development Quarterly,42, 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00434.x. Gysbers, N. C., Heppner, M. J., & Johnston, J. A. (2014). Career counseling: Holism, diversity, and strengths (4th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press. Heppner, M. J., & Heppner, P. P. (2003). Identifying process variables in career counseling: A research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior,62, 429–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00053-2. Heppner, M. J., Lee, D., Heppner, P. P., McKinnon, L. C., Multon, K. D., & Gysbers, N. C. (2004). The role of problem-solving appraisal in the process and outcome of career counseling. Journal of Vocational Behavior,65, 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00100-3. Herr, E. L. (1989). Career development and mental health. Journal of Career Development,16, 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01354263. Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,65, 599–610. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.599. Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E., Baer, B. A., Ureno, G., & Villasenor, V. S. (1988). Inventory of interpersonal problems psychometric properties and clinical applications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,56, 885–892. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.885. Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology,36, 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.36.2.223. Kates, N., Greiff, B. S., & Hagen, D. Q. (1993). Job loss and employment uncertainty. In J. Kahn (Ed.), Mental health in the work place: A practical psychiatric guide (pp. 156–176). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Kelly, K. R., & Lee, W. C. (2002). Mapping the domain of career decision problems. Journal of Vocational Behavior,61, 302–326. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1858. Lambert, M. J., & Burlingame, G. M. (1996). Outcome questionnaire (OQ-45.2). Stevenson, MD: American Professional Credentialing Services. Lambert, M. J., Finch, A. M., Okiishi, J., & Burlingame, G. M. (2005). Administration and scoring manual for the OQ-30.2. Salt Lake City, UT: Brigham Young University. Lambert, M. J., Finch, A. M., Okiishi, J., Burlingame, G. M., Mckelvey, C., & Reisinger, C. W. (1998). Administration and scoring manual for the OQ-10.2. Stevenson, MD: American Professional Credentialing Services. Lancaster, P. L., Rudolph, C., Perkins, S., & Patten, T. (1999). Difficulties in career decision making: A study of the reliability and validity of the career decision difficulties questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment,4, 393–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279900700405. Lo Coco, G., Gullo, S., Prestano, C. S., & Gelso, C. J. (2011). Relation of the real relationship and the working alliance to the outcome of brief psychotherapy. Psychotherapy,48, 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022426. Lucas, M. S. (1992). Problems expressed by career and non-career help seekers: A comparison. Journal of Counseling and Development,70, 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01626.x. Masdonati, J., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2009). Effectiveness of career counseling and the effect of the working alliance. Journal of Career Development,36, 183–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845309340798. Masdonati, J., Perdrix, S., Massoudi, K., & Rossier, J. (2014). Working alliance as a moderator and a mediator of career counseling effectiveness. Journal of Career Assessment,22, 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713487489. Massoudi, K., Masdonati, J., Clot-Siegrist, E., Franz, S., & Rossier, J. (2008). Évaluation des effets du counseling d’orientation: Influence de l’alliance de travail et des caractéristiques individuelles. Pratiques Psychologiques,14, 117–136. Mau, W. C. (2001). Assessing career decision-making difficulties: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Career Assessment,9, 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270100900403. Milot-Lapointe, F., Savard, R., & Le Corff, Y. (2018). Intervention components and working alliance as predictors of individual career counseling effect on career decision-making difficulties. Journal of Vocational Behavior,107, 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.03.001. Multon, K. D., Heppner, M. J., Gysbers, N. C., Zook, C., & Ellis-Kalton, C. A. (2001). Client psychological distress: An important factor in career counseling. The Career Development Quarterly,49, 324–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00960.x. Osipow, S. H., Carney, C. G., & Barak, A. (1976). A scale of educational-vocational undecidedness: A typological approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior,9, 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(76)90081-6. Perdrix, S., de Roten, Y., Kolly, S., & Rossier, J. (2010). The psychometric properties of the WAI in a career counseling setting: Comparison with a personal counseling sample. Journal of Career Assessment,18, 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710374583. Ridner, S. H. (2004). Psychological distress: Concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing,45, 536–545. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02938.x. Robertson, P. J. (2013). The well-being outcomes of career guidance. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling,41, 254–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2013.773959. Rochlen, A. B., Milburn, L., & Hill, C. E. (2004). Examining the process and outcome of career counseling for different types of career counseling clients. Journal of Career Development,30, 263–275. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOCD.0000025115.25272.66. Rottinghaus, P. J., Jenkins, N., & Jantzer, A. M. (2009). Relation of depression and affectivity to career decision status and self-efficacy in college students. Journal of Career Assessment,17, 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708330463. Ryan Krane, N. E. (1999). Career counseling and career choice goal attainment: A meta-analytically derived model for career counseling practice. Doctoral dissertation, Loyola University, Chicago. Saunders, D. E., Peterson, G. W., Sampson, J. P., & Reardon, R. C. (2000). Relation of depression and dysfunctional career thinking to career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior,56, 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1715. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Tracey, T. J., & Kokotovic, A. M. (1989). Factor structure of the working alliance inventory. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,1, 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.1.3.207. Whiston, S. C., Li, Y., Goodrich Mitts, N., & Wright, L. (2017). Effectiveness of career choice interventions: A meta-analytic replication and extension. Journal of Vocational Behavior,100, 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.010. Whiston, S. C., & Rose, C. S. (2015). Career counseling process and outcome. In P. J. Hartung, M. L. Savickas, & W. B. Walsh (Eds.), Handbook of Career Intervention (pp. 43–60). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Whiston, S. C., Rossier, J., & Hernandez Baron, P. H. (2016). The working alliance in career counseling: A systematic overview. Journal of Career Assessment,24, 591–604. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715615849. Wiessman, M. M., & Bothwell, S. (1976). Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Archives of General Psychiatry,33, 1111–1115. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770090101010.