K.G. Compton, A. Mendizza, and S.M. Arnold: Filamentary growths on metal surfaces whiskers. Corrosion 7, 327 (1951).
J.A. Brusse, G.J. Ewell, and J.P. Siplon: Tin whiskers: Attributes and mitigation, presented at CARTS EUROPE 2002, Nice, France: in 16th Passive Components Symposium (2002); pp. 221–233.
J.D. Eshelby: A tentative theory of metallic whisker growth. Phys. Rev. 91, 755 (1953).
W.C. Ellis, D.F. Gibbons, and R.C. Treuting: Growth of metal whiskers from the solid, in Growth and Perfection of Crystals; R.H. Doremus, B.W. Roberts, and D. Turnbull, eds. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1958); pp. 102–120.
K.N. Tu: Irreversible-processes of spontaneous whisker growth in bimetallic Cu-Sn thin-film reactions. Phys. Rev. B 49, 2030 (1994).
B. Jiang and A.P. Xian: Spontaneous growth of tin whiskers on tin-rare-earth alloys. Philos. Mag. Lett. 87, 657 (2007).
T.H. Chuang, H.J. Lin, and C.C. Chi: Rapid growth of tin whiskers on the surface of Sn-6.6Lu alloy. Scr. Mater. 56, 45 (2007).
P. Oberndoff, M. Ditte, P. Crema, P. Su, and E. Yu: Humidity effects on Sn whisker formation. IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf. 29(4), 239 (2006).
H.L. Reynolds, J.W. Osenbach, G. Henshall, R.D. Parker, and P. Su: Tin whisker test development—temperature and humidity effects part I: Experimental design, observations, and data collection. IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf. 33(1), 1 (2010).
J.W. Osenbach, H.L. Reynolds, G. Henshall, R.D. Parker, and P. Su: Tin whisker test development—temperature and humidity effects part II: Acceleration model development. IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf. 33(1), 16 (2010).
M. Liu and A.P. Xian: TEM observation of tin whisker. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 54(6), 1546 (2011).
C.C. Jain, C.L. Chen, and H.J. Lai: The inhibition of tin whiskers on the surface of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.5Ce solders. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 20, 1043 (2011).
T.H. Chuang and C.C. Jain: Morphology of the tin whiskers on the surface of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.5Nd alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 42, 684 (2011).
M. Liu and A.P. Xian: Tin whisker growth on the surface of Sn-0.7Cu lead-free solder with a rare earth (Nd) addition. J. Electron. Mater. 38, 2353 (2009).
M. Liu and A.P. Xian: Tin whisker growth on bulk Sn-Pb eutectic doping with Nd. Microelectron. Reliab. 49, 667 (2009).
M.A. Dudek and N. Chawla: Mechanisms for Sn whisker growth in rare earth-containing Pb-free solders. Acta Mater. 57, 4588 (2009).
T.H. Chuang and H.J. Lin: Size effect rare-earth intermetallics Sn-9Zn-0.5Ce Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.5Ce solders growth tin whiskers. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 39, 2862 (2008).
T.H. Chuang, C.C. Chi, and H.J. Lin: Formation of whiskers and hillocks on the surface of Sn-6.6RE alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 39, 604 (2008).
T.H. Chuang, H.J. Lin, and C.C. Chi: Oxidation-induced whisker growth on the surface of Sn-6.6(La, Ce) alloy. J. Electron. Mater. 36, 1697 (2007).
A.P. Xian and M. Liu: Observations of continuous tin whisker growth in NdSn3 intermetallic compound. J. Mater. Res 24, 2775 (2009).
B. Jiang and A.P. Xian: Spontaneous growth of tin whiskers on tin-rare-earth alloys. Philos. Mag. Lett. 87, 657 (2007).
P. Liszkowski, K. Turek, H. Figiel, and R. Gajerski: The intermediate stages of the corrosion of Nd-Fe-B powders in ambient air. J. Alloys Compd. 315, 270 (2001).
M. Fisher, L.S. Darken, and K.G. Carroll: Accelerated growth of tin whiskers. Acta Metall. 2(3), 368 (1954).
J. Franks: Growth of whiskers in the solid phase. Acta Metall. 6(2), 103 (1958).
B. Lee and D. Lee: Spontaneous growth mechanism of tin whiskers. Acta Mater. 46(10), 3701 (1998).
C. Xu, Y. Zhang, C. Fan, J. Abys, L. Hopkins, and F. Stevie: Understanding whisker phenomenon: The driving force for whisker formation. CircuiTree 15(5), 10 (2002).
H.C. Shi and A.P. Xian: Tin whisker growth from Sn3Nd powders. J. Electron. Mater. 40, 1697 (2011).
T. Iida and R.I.L. Guthrie: In the Physical Properties of Liquid Metals (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993), p. 9.