Effect of fly ash addition on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from biogas and air on sewage sludge-based composite adsorbents

Abe, H., Kondoh, T., Fukuda, H., Takahashi, M., Aoyama, T., Miyake, M., 1994. Active carbon materials, process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof. US Patent 5, 338, 462. Agyei, 2002, The removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution by fly ash, slag, ordinary Portland cement and related blends, Cem. Concr. Res., 32, 1889, 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00888-8 Ansari, 2005, Inorganic–organic phase arrangement as a factor affecting gas phase desulfurization on catalytic carbonaceous adsorbents, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6217, 10.1021/es050053m Ansari, 2005, Effect of adsorbent composition on H2S removal on sewage sludge-based materials enriched with carbonaceous phase, Carbon, 43, 1039, 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.11.042 Bagreev, 2001, H2S adsorption/oxidation on adsorbents obtained from pyrolysis of sewage sludge-derived fertilizer using zinc chloride activation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 3502, 10.1021/ie010165w Bagreev, 2002, H2S adsorption/oxidation on materials obtained using sulfuric acid activation of sewage sludge derived fertilizer, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 252, 188, 10.1006/jcis.2002.8419 Bagreev, 2005, On the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide adsorption/oxidation on catalytic carbons, Ind. Chem. Eng. Res., 44, 530, 10.1021/ie049277o Bagreev, 2001, Pore structure and surface chemistry of adsorbents obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge-derived fertilizer, Carbon, 39, 1971, 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00026-4 Bagreev, 2001, Sewage sludge derived materials as efficient adsorbents for removal of hydrogen sulfide, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1537, 10.1021/es001678h Bagreev, 2003, Heterogeneity of sewage sludge derived materials as a factor governing their performance as adsorbents of acidic gases, vol. 144 Bandosz, 2006, Desulfurization on activated carbons, 231 Bandosz, 2006, Removal of hydrogen sulfide on composite sewage sludge-industrial sludge based adsorbents, Ind. Chem. Eng. Res., 45, 3666, 10.1021/ie0514152 Bandosz, 2006, Municipal sludge-industrial sludge composite desulfurization adsorbents: synergy enhancing the catalytic properties, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3378, 10.1021/es052272d Bandosz, 2006, Effect of pyrolysis temperature and time on catalytic performance of sewage/industrial sludge based composite adsorbents, Appl. Catal. Environ., 67, 77, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.04.006 Bandosz, 2000, Unmodified versus caustics impregnated carbons for control of hydrogen sulfide emissions from sewage plants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 1069, 10.1021/es9813212 Bashkova, 2002, Sewage sludge derived materials as adsorbents for H2S and SO2, 239 Chiang, 1987, Use of sewage sludge for manufacturing adsorbents, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 65, 922, 10.1002/cjce.5450650606 Dubinin, 1966, vol. 2, 51 Fullana, 2003, Pyrolysis of sewage sludge: nitrogenated compounds and pretreatment options, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 68–69, 561, 10.1016/S0165-2370(03)00052-4 Ho, 1992, Ca(OH)2/fly ash sorbents for SO2 removal, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, 1130, 10.1021/ie00004a023 Jones, B.H., 1988. Process and apparatus for fixing, encapsulating, stabilizing and detoxifying heavy metals and the like in metal-containing sludges, soils, ash and similar materials. US Patent 4.781,994. Kastner, 2002, Catalytic oxidation of gaseous reduced sulfur compounds using coal fly ash, J. Hazard. Mater., B95, 81, 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00055-9 Kastner, 2003, Low temperature catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol using wood and coal fly ash, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2568, 10.1021/es0259988 Khalili, N.R., Arastoopour, H., Walhof, L.K., 2000. Synthesizing carbon from sludge. US Patent 6,030,922. Koc, 1998, Synthesis of β-Si3N4 from carbon coated silica by carbothermal reduction and nitridation, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 18, 1471, 10.1016/S0955-2219(98)00005-3 Lastoskie, 1993, Pore size distribution analysis of microporous carbons: a density functional theory approach, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 4786, 10.1021/j100120a035 Lewis, F.M., 1977. Method of pyrolyzing sewage sludge to produce activated carbon, US Patent 4,122,036. Lu, 1996, Characterization of sewage sludge-derived adsorbents for H2S removal. Part 2: surface and pore structural evolution in chemical activation, Gas Sep. Purif., 10, 103, 10.1016/0950-4214(96)00011-4 Lu, 1995, Surface area development of sewage sludge during pyrolysis, Fuel, 74, 3444, 10.1016/0016-2361(95)93465-P Lundin, 2004, Environmental and economic assessment of sewage sludge handing options. Resources, Conserv. Recycl., 41, 255, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2003.10.006 Martin, 2002, Activated carbons developed from surplus sewage sludge for the removal of dyes from dilute aqueous solutions, Chem. Eng. J., 94, 231, 10.1016/S1385-8947(03)00054-8 Martin, 2004, Carbonaceous adsorbents from sewage sludge and their application in a combined activated sludge-powered activated carbon (AS-PAC) treatment, Carbon, 42, 1389, 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.011 Nickerson, R.D., Messman, H.C., 1975. Making activated carbon from sewage sludge. US patent 3,887,461. Olivier, 1995, Modeling physical adsorption on porous and nonporous solids using density functional theory, J. Porous Mater., 2, 9, 10.1007/BF00486565 Rio, 2005, Experimental design methodology for the preparation of carbonaceous sorbents from sewage sludge by chemical activation – application to air and water treatments, Chemosphere, 58, 423, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.003 Rio, 2005, Structure characterization and adsorption properties of pyrolyzed sewage sludge, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4249, 10.1021/es0497532 Seredych, 2006, Desulfurization of digester gas on catalytic carbonaceous adsorbents: complexity of interactions between the surface and components of the gaseous mixture, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, 3658, 10.1021/ie051388f Seredych, 2007, Desulfurization of digester gas on industrial sludge-derived adsorbents, Energy Fuels, 21, 856, 10.1021/ef060482l Sioukri, 2005, Enrichment of the performance of activated carbons as municipal odor removal media by addition of sewage sludge derived phase, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6225, 10.1021/es0503985 Sutherland, J., 1976. Preparation of activated carbonaceous material from sewage sludge and sulfuric acid. US patent 3,998,757. Swanepoel, 2002, Utilisation of fly ash in a geopolymeric material, Appl. Geochem., 17, 1143, 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00005-7 US EPA, 1999. Biosolids regeneration, use, and disposal in the united states: EPA530-R-99-009, US EPA, Washington, DC, September. <www.epa.gov>. Wang, 2005, The thermal conductivity mechanism of sewage sludge ash lightweight materials, Cem. Concr. Res., 35, 803, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.027 Yamamoto, 2001, Influence of Mg2+ on the formation of α-SiAlON by the carbothermal reduction-nitridation of homogeneous gel, Int. J. Inorg. Mater., 3, 715, 10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00186-6 Zang, 2003, Adsorption of mercury on adsorbents obtained from sewage sludge, J. Hazard. Mater. B, 101, 323 Zang, 2004, Photocatalytic removal and recovery of mercury from water using TiO2-modified sewage sludge carbon, J. Phtotochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 167, 223, 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.06.001