Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth, immune-physiological parameters, and resistance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to Vibrio harveyi challenge

Alishahi, 2011, Shelf life and delivery enhancement of vitamin C using chitosan nanoparticles, Food Chem., 126, 935, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.086 Alqahtani, 2021, Advances in oral drug delivery, Front. Pharmacol., 12, 10.3389/fphar.2021.618411 Amanda Costa Caritsa, 2020, Vitamin C: one compound, several uses. Advances for delivery, efficiency and stability, Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 24 Angelica, 2021, Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture, J. Nanobiotechnol., 19, 163, 10.1186/s12951-021-00910-8 AOAC, 1995 Asaikkutti, 2016, Effect of different levels of dietary vitamin c on growth performance, muscle composition, antioxidant and enzyme activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci. Asaikkutti, 2016, Effect of different levels of dietary vitamin c on growth performance, muscle composition, antioxidant and enzyme activity of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii, Aquac. Rep., 3, 229, 10.1016/j.aqrep.2016.04.002 Ayyaru, 2006, Immunomodulatory effects if dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds, Aquaculture, 225, 179 Baskaran, 2021, Surveillance of disease incidence in shrimp farms located in the east coastal region of India and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of probiotics against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, J. Invertebr. Pathol., 179 Bhoopathy, 2021, Dietary supplementation of curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles stimulates immune response in the white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio harveyi., Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 117, 188, 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.002 Cha, 2008, Effects of chitosan-coated diet on improving water quality and innate immunity in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Aquaculture, 278, 110, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.025 Chang, C.C., Tan, H.C., Cheng, W., Effects of dietary administration of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) extracts on the immune responses and disease resistance of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 35, 92–100. Chen, 2020, Effects of Yu-Ping-Feng polysaccharides (YPS) on the immune response, intestinal microbiota, disease resistance and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei, Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 105, 104, 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.003 Chen, 2015, Dietary vitamin C requirement and its effects on tissue antioxidant capacity of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, Aquaculture, 435, 431, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.013 Csaba, 2009, Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 61, 140, 10.1016/j.addr.2008.09.005 Daniel, 2016, Chitin and chitosan: production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials, Int. J. Adv. Res., 4, 411 Davidovich, 2020, Mycobacteriosis in aquatic invertebrates: a review of its emergence, Microorganisms, 8, 1249, 10.3390/microorganisms8081249 De Lima, 2010, Evaluation of the genotoxicity of chitosan nanoparticles for use in food packaging films, J. Food Sci., 75, N89, 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01682.x Drouin, 2011, The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates, Curr. Genom., 12, 371, 10.2174/138920211796429736 Elisa, 2021, Chitosan and cross linked chitosan nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and their role as Pickering emulsifiers, Carbohydr. Polym., 250 Elisabetta, 2021, Hemolymph proteins: an overview across marine arthropods and molluscs, J. Proteom., 245 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2014. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture Opportunities and Challenges, Rome. 〈http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3720e.pdf〉. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2021. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture Opportunities and Challenges. 〈http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf〉. Firmino, 2019, Contrasting outcomes of Vibrio harveyi pathogenicity in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata and European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, Aquaculture, 511, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734210 Folk, 1966, Mechanism of action of guinea pig liver transglutaminase, J. Biol. Chem., 241, 5518, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)96373-8 Gan, 2005, Modulation of surface charge, particle size and morphological properties of chitosan–TPP nanoparticles intended for gene delivery, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 44, 65, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.06.001 Gheorghe, 2019, The use of chitosan, alginate, and pectin in the biomedical and food sector—biocompatibility bioadhesiveness and biodegradability, Polymers, 11, 1837, 10.3390/polym11111837 Gullian, 2004, Selection of probiotic bacteria and study of their immunostimulatory effect in Penaeus vannamei, Aquaculture, 233, 1, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.013 Jussila, 2001, Haemolymph clotting time as an indicator of stress in western lobsters (Panulirus cygnus George), Aquaculture, 199, 185, 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00599-8 Landsman, 2019, Impact of aquaculture practices on intestinal bacterial profiles of Pacific Whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Microorganisms, 7, 93, 10.3390/microorganisms7040093 Leal, 2017, Effect of vitamin C on innate immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes, Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 67, 179, 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.021 Li, 2017, Physiological change and nutritional requirement of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinity, Rev. Aquac., 9, 57, 10.1111/raq.12104 Li, 2005, Dopamine depresses the immune ability and increases susceptibility to Lactococcus garvieae in the freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 19, 269, 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.01.003 Liu, 2011, Identification and cloning of a transglutaminase from giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and its transcription during pathogen infection and moulting, Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 31, 871, 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.08.001 Liu, 2021, Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin is superior to its combination with Lactococcus lactis in improving the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), Aqua Rep., 24 Liu, 2020, Hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis in Crustaceans, Front. Immunol., 11, 268, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00268 Małgorzata, 2022, Hematological methods in fish – Not only for beginners, Aquaculture, 547 Mario, 2018, Vitamin C content in fruits: biosynthesis and regulation, Front Plant Sci., 9, 2006 Meshram, 2014, Effect of dietary β-glucan on immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man. 1879), Aquac. Int., 23, 439, 10.1007/s10499-014-9824-0 Mialhe, 2017, The impacts of shrimp farming on land use, employment and migration in Tumbes, northern Peru, Ocean Coast. Manag., 73, 1, 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.12.014 Minhajul, 2020, Chitosan based bioactive materials in tissue engineering applications-a review, Bioact. Mater., 5, 164 Mirza, 2020, Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under abiotic stress: revisiting the crucial role of a universal defense regulator, Antioxidants, 9, 681, 10.3390/antiox9080681 Mohamed, 2021, Dietary supplementation of brown seaweed and/or nucleotides improved shrimp performance, health status and cold-tolerant gene expression of juvenile white leg shrimp during the winter season, Mar. Drugs, 19, 175, 10.3390/md19030175 Mohan, 2019, Dietary Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides to enhance the growth, immune response and disease resistance of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Aqua Rep., 14 Muhammed, 2021, The diversity of Pseudomonas species isolated from fish farms in Turkey, Aquaculture, 535 Muzzarelli, R.A.A., 2010. Chitins and chitosans as immunoadjuvants and non-allergic drug carriers. Marine Drugs. 〈www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs〉. Niu, 2011, Effects of dietary chitosan on growth, survival and stress tolerance of postlarval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: effects of dietary chitosan L. vannamei, Aqua Nutr., 17, 406, 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00775.x Ohkawa, 1979, Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction, Anal. Biochem., 95, 351, 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3 Parrilla-Taylor, 2011, Antioxidant enzyme activities in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in response to environmental hypoxia and reoxygenation, Aquaculture, 318, 379, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.015 Qin, 2016, Dietary nano-selenium relieves hypoxia stress and, improves immunity and disease resistance in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 54, 481, 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.131 Ruiz-Pulido, 2021, An overview of gastrointestinal mucus rheology under different pH conditions and introduction to pH-dependent rheological interactions with PLGA and chitosan nanoparticles, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 159, 123, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.013 Sarkheil, 2016, Application of silver nanoparticles immobilized on TEPA-Den-SiO2 as water filter media for bacterial disinfection in culture of penaeid shrimp larvae, Aquac. Eng., 74, 17, 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.05.003 Seyed, 2018, Probiotics as means of diseases control in aquaculture, a review of current knowledge and future perspectives, Front. Microbiol., 9, 2429, 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02429 Shanaka, 2021, Growth and antioxidant-related effects of the reestablished ascorbic acid pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by genomic integration of l-gulonolactone oxidase from cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame), Front. Physiol., 12, 10.3389/fphys.2021.685595 Shiau, 1998, Chitin but not chitosan supplementation enhances growth of grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, J. Nutr., 128, 908, 10.1093/jn/128.5.908 Shinji, 2019, Bio-economic analysis of super intensive closed shrimp farming and improvement of management plans: a case study in Japan, Fish. Sci., 85, 1055, 10.1007/s12562-019-01357-5 Song, 1994, Immunostimulation of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) hemocytes for generation of microbicidal substances: analysis of reactive oxygen species, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 18, 201, 10.1016/0145-305X(94)90012-4 Subramanian, 2013, Dietary effect of Rubus coreanus ethanolic extract on immune gene expression in white leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 35, 808, 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.008 Sujeewa, 2009, Prevalence of toxic genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimps (Penaeus monodon) and culture environment, Int. Food Res. J., 16, 89 Swain, 2014, Antimicrobial activity of metal based nanoparticles against microbes associated with diseases in aquaculture, World J. Microbiol Biotechnol., 30, 2491, 10.1007/s11274-014-1674-4 Tagac, 2017, Controlled release of vitamin C from chitosan nanoparticles, J. Biol. Chem., 46, 69 Tekinay, 2001, Dietary carbohydrate level in fluencing feed intake, nutrient utilization and plasma glucose concentration in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Turk, J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 25, 657 Tsai, 1991, Relationship between hemolymph coagulation and disease in shrimp: (1) Coagulation rate in vitro and the hemolymph proteins of various shrimp species, 22 Wang, 2005, The protective effect of chitin and chitosan against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 19, 191, 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.11.003 Wang, 2011, Effects of chitosan nanoparticles on survival, growth and meat quality of tilapia. Oreochromis nilotica, Nanotoxicology, 5, 425, 10.3109/17435390.2010.530354 Wilson, 2010, Chitosan nanoparticles as a new delivery system for the anti-Alzheimer drug tacrine, Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 6, 144, 10.1016/j.nano.2009.04.001 Xu, 2003, Effect of molecular structure of chitosan on protein delivery properties of chitosan nanoparticles, Int. J. Pharm., 250, 215, 10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00548-3 Xu, 2020, Hepatopancreas immune response during molt cycle in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, Sci. Rep., 10, 13102, 10.1038/s41598-020-70139-2 Younes, 2015, Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. structure, properties and applications, Mar. Drugs, 13, 1133, 10.3390/md13031133 Yuanbing, 2020, Chitosan-based drug delivery system: applications in fish biotechnology, Polymers, 12, 1177, 10.3390/polym12051177 Yuewei, 2014, Superoxide dismutases and superoxide reductases, Chem. Rev., 114, 3854, 10.1021/cr4005296 Zhang, 2020, Growth performance, non‐specific immunity and Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in response to various microbial‐derived additives, Aquac. Nutr., 27, 666, 10.1111/anu.13213 Zhao, 2017, Effects of different dietary vitamin C supplementations on growth performance, mucus immune responses and antioxidant status of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor) juveniles, Aquac. Res., 48, 4112, 10.1111/are.13231