Effect of cane use on bone marrow lesion volume in people with medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis: randomized clinical trial

Callaghan, 2015, A randomised trial of a brace for patellofemoral osteoarthritis targeting knee pain and bone marrow lesions, Ann Rheum Dis, 74, 1164, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206376 Dieppe, 1999, Subchondral bone should be the main target for the treatment of pain and disease progression in osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 7, 325, 10.1053/joca.1998.0182 Dore, 2010, Natural history and clinical significance of MRI-detected bone marrow lesions at the knee: a prospective study in community dwelling older adults, Arthritis Res Ther, 12, R223, 10.1186/ar3210 Felson, 2007, Correlation of the development of knee pain with enlarging bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, Arthritis Rheum, 56, 2986, 10.1002/art.22851 Tanamas, 2010, Bone marrow lesions in people with knee osteoarthritis predict progression of disease and joint replacement: a longitudinal study, Rheumatology (Oxford), 49, 2413, 10.1093/rheumatology/keq286 Baliunas, 2002, Increased knee joint loads during walking are present in subjects with knee osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 10, 573, 10.1053/joca.2002.0797 Bennell, 2010, Bone marrow lesions are related to dynamic knee loading in medial knee osteoarthritis, Ann Rheum Dis, 69, 1151, 10.1136/ard.2009.118182 Bennell, 2011, Higher dynamic medial knee load predicts greater cartilage loss over 12 months in medial knee osteoarthritis, Ann Rheum Dis, 70, 1770, 10.1136/ard.2010.147082 Felson, 2012, Bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis change in 6-12 weeks, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 20, 1514, 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.020 Simic, 2011, Contralateral cane use and knee joint load in people with medial knee osteoarthritis: the effect of varying body weight support, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 19, 1330, 10.1016/j.joca.2011.08.008 Van Ginckel, 2017, Impact of cane use on bone marrow lesion volume in people with medial knee osteoarthritis (Cuba trial), Phys Ther, 97, 537, 10.1093/ptj/pzx015 Kellgren, 1957, Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis, Ann Rheum Dis, 16, 494, 10.1136/ard.16.4.494 Altman, 1986, Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association, Arthritis Rheum, 29, 1039, 10.1002/art.1780290816 Altman, 2007, Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 15, A1, 10.1016/j.joca.2006.11.009 Simic, 2012, Trunk lean gait modification and knee joint load in people with medial knee osteoarthritis: the effect of varying trunk lean angles, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 64, 1545, 10.1002/acr.21724 Simic, 2013, Altering foot progression angle in people with medial knee osteoarthritis: the effects of varying toe-in and toe-out angles are mediated by pain and malalignment, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 21, 1272, 10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.001 Simic, 2010, Characteristics of contralateral cane use in people with medial knee osteoarthritis, Ann Rheum Dis, 69, 316 Kumar, 1995, Methods for estimating the proper length of a cane, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 76, 1173, 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80129-4 Nielsen, 2014, Measurement of bone marrow lesions by MR imaging in knee osteoarthritis using quantitative segmentation methods - a reliability and sensitivity to change analysis, BMC Muscoskelet Disord, 15 Ratzlaff, 2013, A rapid, novel method of volumetric assessment of MRI-detected subchondral bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 21, 806, 10.1016/j.joca.2013.03.007 Hunter, 2011, Evolution of semi-quantitative whole joint assessment of knee OA: MOAKS (MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score), Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 19, 990, 10.1016/j.joca.2011.05.004 Angst, 2002, Minimal clinically important rehabilitation effects in patients with osteoarthritis of the lower extremities, J Rheumatol, 29, 131 Tubach, 2005, Evaluation of clinically relevant changes in patient reported outcomes in knee and hip osteoarthritis: the minimal clinically important improvement, Ann Rheum Dis, 64, 29, 10.1136/ard.2004.022905 Hawker, 2011, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 63, S240, 10.1002/acr.20543 ten Klooster, 2006, Patient-perceived satisfactory improvement (PPSI): interpreting meaningful change in pain from the patient's perspective, Pain, 121, 151, 10.1016/j.pain.2005.12.021 Hawthorne, 2005, Population norms and meaningful differences for the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) measure, Aust N Z J Public Health, 29, 136, 10.1111/j.1467-842X.2005.tb00063.x Martin, 1999, Validation of the PASE in older adults with knee pain and physical disability, Med Sci Sport Exerc, 31, 627, 10.1097/00005768-199905000-00001 Laslett, 2012, Zoledronic acid reduces knee pain and bone marrow lesions over 1 year: a randomised controlled trial, Ann Rheum Dis, 71, 1322, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200970 Van der Esch, 2003, Factors contributing to possession and use of walking aids among persons with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, Arthritis Care Res, 49, 838, 10.1002/art.11463 Shrier, 2006, Conservative non-pharmacological treatment options are not frequently used in the management of hip osteoarthritis, J Sci Med Sport, 9, 81, 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.02.002 Cohen, 1988 Driban, 2011, Quantitative bone marrow lesion size in osteoarthritic knees correlates with cartilage damage and predicts longitudinal cartilage loss, BMC Muscoskelet Disord, 12, 217, 10.1186/1471-2474-12-217 Maracy, 2011, Estimating dose-response effects in psychological treatment trials: the role of instrumental variables, Stat Methods Med Res, 20, 191, 10.1177/0962280208097243 Routson, 2016, A smart cane with vibrotactile biofeedback improves cane loading for people with knee osteoarthritis, IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 3370 Hart, 2019, Body weight support through a walking cane in inexperienced users with knee osteoarthritis, Gait Posture, 67, 50, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.09.021 Henriksen, 2014, Is there a causal link between knee loading and knee osteoarthritis progression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomised trials, BMJ open, 4, 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005368 Bennell, 2011, Lateral wedge insoles for medial knee osteoarthritis: 12 month randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 342, d2912, 10.1136/bmj.d2912 Jones, 2012, Impact of cane use on pain, function, general health and energy expenditure during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial, Ann Rheum Dis, 71, 172, 10.1136/ard.2010.140178 Yusuf, 2011, Do knee abnormalities visualised on MRI explain knee pain in knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review, Ann Rheum Dis, 70, 60, 10.1136/ard.2010.131904 Barr, 2015, A systematic review of the relationship between subchondral bone features, pain and structural pathology in peripheral joint osteoarthritis, Arthritis Res Ther, 17, 228, 10.1186/s13075-015-0735-x Hall, 2017, The knee adduction moment and knee osteoarthritis symptoms: relationships according to radiographic disease severity, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 25, 34, 10.1016/j.joca.2016.08.014 Doherty, 2009, The "placebo" response in osteoarthritis and its implications for clinical practice, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 17, 1255, 10.1016/j.joca.2009.03.023 Gooberman-Hill, 2007, Making decisions about simple interventions: older peoples use of walking aids, Age Ageing, 36, 569, 10.1093/ageing/afm095 Hart, 2018, Factors influencing cane use for the management of knee osteoarthritis: a cross sectional survey, Arthritis Care Res, 70, 1455, 10.1002/acr.23494 Hinman, 2016, Unloading shoes for self-management of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 165, 381, 10.7326/M16-0453 Bennell, 2017, Effectiveness of an internet-delivered exercise and pain-coping skills training intervention for persons with chronic knee pain: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 166, 453, 10.7326/M16-1714 Sharma, 2008, Relationship of meniscal damage, meniscal extrusion, malalignment, and joint laxity to subsequent cartilage loss in osteoarthritic knees, Arthritis Rheum, 58, 1716, 10.1002/art.23462 Khalaj, 2014, Balance and risk of fall in individuals with bilateral mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis, PLoS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0092270