Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Tác động của công nghệ biofloc (BFT) đến giai đoạn hậu ấu trùng đầu tiên của tôm hồng Farfantepenaeus paulensis: hiệu suất tăng trưởng, thành phần floc và khả năng chịu stress độ mặn
Tóm tắt
Môi trường nuôi biofloc cung cấp một nguồn thức ăn tiềm năng cho tôm nuôi trong hệ thống có trao đổi nước hạn chế hoặc không có. Hệ thống nuôi trồng này thân thiện với môi trường do dựa trên việc sử dụng nước hạn chế và lượng nước thải tối thiểu được thải ra môi trường xung quanh. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã đánh giá tỷ lệ sống, hiệu suất tăng trưởng và khả năng chịu stress độ mặn của hậu ấu trùng tôm hồng Farfantepenaeus paulensis từ PL10 đến PL25 được nuôi trong hệ thống trao đổi nước hạn chế công nghệ biofloc. PL (trọng lượng trung bình ± SD là 14 ± 10 mg và chiều dài 8.10 ± 0.7 mm) được nuôi trong chín bể nhựa 40L với mật độ nuôi 10PL/L. Ba phương pháp nuôi trồng đã được áp dụng: (1) nuôi trồng trong sự hiện diện của biofloc và cung cấp thức ăn thương mại (FLOC + CF); (2) nuôi trồng trong sự hiện diện của biofloc mà không cung cấp thức ăn (FLOC); và (3) nuôi trồng trong nước sạch có cung cấp thức ăn (kiểm soát). Khối lượng sinh khối cuối cùng và tỷ lệ sống cao hơn đáng kể ở phương pháp FLOC + CF so với phương pháp kiểm soát (P < 0.05), nhưng không khác biệt so với FLOC. PL được nuôi ở phương pháp FLOC + CF đạt được trọng lượng cuối cùng, tăng trọng lượng và chiều dài cao hơn đáng kể so với hai phương pháp còn lại (P < 0.05). Không có sự khác biệt đáng kể (P > 0.05) giữa các phương pháp về khả năng chịu độ mặn sau 24 và 48 giờ. Phân tích gần đúng của floc cho thấy mức độ protein thô cao (30.4%), nhưng mức độ lipid thô thấp (0.5%). Sự có sẵn liên tục của biofloc có tác động đáng kể đến sự tăng trưởng và tỷ lệ sống của hậu ấu trùng F. paulensis được nuôi trong các hệ thống vườn ươm BFT.
Từ khóa
#biofloc #tôm #Farfantepenaeus paulensis #độ mặn #tăng trưởng #công nghệ #hệ thống nuôi trồngTài liệu tham khảo
Abreu PC, Ballester ELC, Odebrecht C, Wasielesky W, Cavalli RO, Granéli W, Anésio AM (2007) Importance of biofilm as food source for shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) evaluated by stable isotopes (d13C and d15 N). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 347:88–96
Alldredge AL, Gotschalk C (1988) In situ settling behavior of marine snow. Limnol Oceanogr 33:339–351
AOAC (2000) Official methods of analysis, 16th edn. The Association, Washington, DC
Apud FD, Primavera JH, Torres PL (1983) Farming of prawns and shrimps. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines. Extension Manual (5), p 67
AQUACOP, Le Moullac G, Damez D (1991) Modélisation de la résistance au chocs de salinite’ des postlarves de Penaeus vannamei. Aquat Living Resour 4:169–173
Asaduzzaman M, Wahab MA, Verdegem MCJ, Huque S, Salam MA, Azim ME (2008) C/N ratio control and substrate addition for periphyton development jointly enhance freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii production in ponds. Aquaculture 280:117–123
Avnimelech Y (1999) Carbon and nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 176:227–235
Avnimelech Y (2007) Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bioflocs technology ponds. Aquaculture 264:140–147
Avnimelech Y, Kochva M, Diab S (1994) Development of controlled intensive aquaculture systems with a limited water exchange and adjusted carbon to nitrogen ratio. Isr J Aquacult Bamidgeh 46(3):119–131
Azim ME, Little DC (2008) The biofloc technology (BFT) in indoor tanks: water quality, biofloc composition, and growth and welfare of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 283:29–35
Ballester ELC, Wasielesky W, Cavalli RO, Abreu PC (2007) Nursery of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in cages with artificial substrates: biofilm composition and shrimp performance. Aquaculture 265:355–362
Ballester ELC, Abreu PC, Cavalli RO, Emerenciano M, Abreu L, Wasielesky W (2009) Effect of practical diets with different protein levels on the performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles nursed in a zero exchange suspended microbial flocs intensive system. Aquac Nut 1:1–13
Barajas FM, Villegas RS, Clark GP, Mosqueda JG, Moreno BL (2006) Daily variation in short-term static toxicity of unionized ammonia in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) postlarvae. Aquac Res 37:1406–1412
Baylor ER, Sutcliffe WH (1963) Dissolved organic matter in seawater as a source of particulate food. Limnol Oceanogr 8:369–371
Biddanda BA, Pomeroy LR (1988) Microbial aggregation and degradation of phytoplankton-derived detritus in seawater. I. Microbial succession. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 42:79–88
Browdy CL, Bratvold D, Stokes AD, Mcintosh RP (2001) Perspectives on the application of closed shrimp culture systems. In: Jory ED, Browdy CL (eds) Proceedings of the special session on sustainable shrimp culture, aquaculture 2001. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, pp 20–34
Burford MA, Thompson PJ, McIntosh RP, Bauman RH, Pearson DC (2003) Nutrient and microbial dynamics in high-intensity, zero-exchange shrimp ponds in Belize. Aquaculture 219:393–411
Burford MA, Thompson PJ, McIntosh RP, Bauman RH, Pearson DC (2004) The contribution of flocculated material to shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) nutrition in a high-intensity, zero-exchange system. Aquaculture 232:525–537
Castille FL, Samocha TM, Lawrence AL, He H, Frelier P, Jaenike F (1993) Variability in growth and survival of early postlarval shrimp (Penaeus vannamei Boone 1931). Aquaculture 113:65–81
Cavalli RO, Wasielesky W (2003) Production of Farfantepenaeus paulensis as bait shrimp in cages: the influence of stocking density. In: Abstracts of the World Aquaculture Society Meeting 2003, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 9–23 May, p 164
Chen S, Ling J, Blancheton JP (2006) Nitrification kinetics of biofilm as affected by water quality factors. Aquacult Eng 34(3):179–197
Cohen J, Samocha TM, Fox JM, Gandy RL, Lawrence AL (2005) Characterization of water quality factors during intensive raceway production of juvenile L. vannamei using limited discharge and biosecure management tools. Aquac Eng 32:425–442
Cowen JP (1992) Morphological study of marine bacterial capsules: implications for marine aggregates. Mar Biol 114:85–95
Crab R, Chielens B, Wille M, Bossier P, Verstraete W (2010) The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional value of bioflocs, a feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae. Aquac Res 41:559–567
Decamp O, Conquest L, Forster I, Tacon AGJ (2002) The nutrition and feeding of marine shrimp within zero-water exchange aquaculture production system: role of Eukaryotic microorganisms. In: Lee CS, O’Bryen P (eds) Microbial approaches to aquatic nutrition within environmentally sound aquaculture production systems. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, pp 79–86
Ebeling JM, Timmons MB, Bisogni JJ (2006) Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic and heterotrophic removal of ammonia–nitrogen in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 257:346–358
Eisma D (1986) Flocculation and deflocculation of suspended matter in estuaries. Neth J Sea Res 20:183–199
FAO (2003) FAO statistics. http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/fisoft/FISHPLUS.asp
FAO (2008) Cultured aquaculture species information program Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Online: http://www.fao.org
Fegan DF (1992) Recent developments and issues in the Penaeid shrimp hatchery industry. In: Wyban J (ed) Proceeding of the special session on shrimp farming. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, pp 55–70
Gallardo PP, Alfonso E, Gaxiola G, Soto LA, Rosas C (1995) Feeding schedule for Penaeus setiferus larvae based on diatoms (Chaetoceros ceratosporum), flagellates (Tetraselmis chuii) and Artemia nauplii. Aquaculture 131:239–252
Hamilton MA, Russo RC, Thurston RV (1977) Trimmed Spearman Karber Method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ Sci Technol 11:714–719
Hargreaves JA (1998) Nitrogen biogeochemistry of aquaculture pond. Aquaculture 166:181–212
Hargreaves JA (2006) Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture. Aquac Eng 34(3):344–363
Hopkins JS, Hamilton RD, Sandifer PA, Browdy CL, Stokes AD (1993) Effect of water exchange rates on production, water quality, effluent characteristics and nitrogen budget in intensive shrimp ponds. J World Aquac Soc 24:304–320
Jensen L, Wasielesky W, Ballester ELC, Cavalli RO, Santos MS (2006) Role of microalgae Thalassiosira fluviatilis in weight gain and survival of the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis reared in indoor nursery tanks. Nauplius 14(1):37–42
Kepkay PE (1994) Particle aggregation and the biological reactivity of colloids. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 109:293–304
Kontara E, Coutteau P, Sorgeloos P (1997) Effect of dietary phospholipids for an incorporation of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in postlarval Penaeus japonicus Bate. Aquaculture 158:305–320
Kuhn DD, Boardman GD, Lawrence AD, Marsh L, Flick GJJ (2009) Microbial floc meal as a replacement ingredient for fish meal and soybean protein in shrimp feed. Aquaculture 296:51–57
Lotz JM, Lightner DV (1999) Shrimp biosecurity: pathogens and pathogen exclusion. In: Bullis RA, Pruder GD (eds) Controlled and biosecure production systems, preliminary proceedings of a special integration of shrimp and chicken models. World Aquaculture Society, Sydney, Australia, 27–30th April, pp 70–72
McAbee BJ, Browdy CL, Rhodes RJ, Stokes AD (2003) The use of greenhouse-enclosed raceway systems for the superintensive production of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the United States. Glob Aquac Advocate 6:40–43
McIntosh D, Samocha TM, Jones ER, Lawrence AL, McKee DA, Horowitz S, Horowitz A (2000) The effect of a bacterial supplement on the high-density culturing of Litopenaeus vannamei with low-protein diet in outdoor tank system and no water exchange. Aquac Eng 21:215–227
Mishra JK, Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Speed M, Gandy RL, Ali A (2008) Performance of an intensive nursery system for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, under limited discharge condition. Aquac Eng 38:2–15
Moriarty DJW (1997) The role of microorganisms in aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 151:333–349
Moss SM (2002) Dietary importance of microbes and detritus in Penaeid shrimp aquaculture. In: Lee CS, O’Bryen P (eds) Microbial approaches to aquatic nutrition within environmentally sound aquaculture production systems. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, pp 1–18
Moss SM, Pruder GD, Samocha TM (1999) Environmental management and control: controlled ecosystem and biosecure shrimp grow-out systems. In: Bullis RA, Pruder GD (eds) Controlled and biosecure production systems, preliminary proceedings of a special integration of shrimp and chickenmodels. World Aquaculture Society, Sydney, Australia, 27–30th April, pp 87–91
Naylor RL, Goldburg RJ, Primavera JH, Kautsk N, Beveridge MCM, Clay J, Folke C, Lubchencoi J, Mooney H, Troell M (2000) Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature 405:1017–1024
Otoshi CA, Montgomery AD, Matsuda EM, Moss SM (2006) Effects of artificial substrate and water source on growth of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. J World Aquac Soc 37(2):210–213
Paibulkichakul C, Piyatiratitivorakul S, Kittakoop P, Viyakarn V, Fast AW, Menasveta P (1998) Optimal dietary levels of lecithin and cholesterol for black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon larvae and postlarvae. Aquaculture 167:273–281
Peixoto S, Wasielesky W, Louzada LJ (2003) Comparative analysis of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis and pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, culture in extreme southern Brazil. J Appl Aquacult 14:101–111
Poersch LH, Marchiori MA (1992) Efeito do oxigênio no camarão-rosa Penaeus paulensis, Pérez-Farfante, 1967. In: Encontro Nacional de Aqüicultura (VII SIMBRAq- II ENBRAPOA), Peruíbe, SP, pp 116
Racotta IS, Palacios E, Ibarra AM (2003) Shrimp larval quality in relation to broodstock condition. Aquaculture 227:107–130
Racotta IS, Palacios E, Hernández-Herrera R, Bonilla A, Ramirez JL (2004) Criteria for assesing larval and postlarval quality in white pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931). Aquaculture 233:181–195
Ray AJ, Lewis BL, Browdy CL, Leffler JW (2010) Suspended solids removal to improve shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production and an evaluation of a plant-based feed in minimal-exchange, superintensive culture systems. Aquaculture 299:89–98
Rees JF, Cure K, Piyatiratitivorakul S, Sorgeloos P, Menasveta P (1994) Highly unsaturated fatty acid requirements of Penaeus monodon postlarvae: an experimental approach based on Artemia enrichment. Aquaculture 122:193–207
Riebesell U (1991) Particle aggregation during diatom bloom. I. Physical aspects. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 69:273–280
Rijn JV, Tal Y, Schreier HJ (2006) Denitrification in recirculating systems: theory and applications. Aquac Eng 34(3):364–376
Samocha TM, Blacher T, Cordova J, DeWind A (2000) Raceway nursery production increases shrimp survival and yields in Ecuador. Glob Aquac Advocate 3(6):66–68
Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Gandy RL (2004) Heterotrophic intensification of pond shrimp production. In: Abstract of fifth international conference on recirculating aquaculture. Roanoke, Virginia, USA, 22–25 July, pp 64–75
Samocha TM, Patnaik S, Speed M, Ali AM, Burger JM, Almeida RV, Ayub Z, Harisanto M, Horowitz A, Brock DL (2007) Use of molasses as carbon source in limited discharge nursery and grow-out systems for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquac Eng 36:184–191
Sandifer PA, Stokes AD, Hopkins JS, Smiley RA (1991) Further intensification of pond shrimp culture in South Carolina. In: Sandifer PA (ed) Shrimp culture in North America and the Caribbean. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, pp 84–95
Santos MH, Marchiori MA (1992) Efeito do pH no desenvolvimento larval do camarão-rosa Penaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante, 1967). In: Encontro Nacional de Aqüicultura (VII SIMBRAq- IIEMBRAPOA), Peruíbe, SP, pp 116
Speck RC, Cavalli RO, Marchiori MA (1993) Efeito da densidade de estocagem do camarão-rosa Penaeus paulensis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) em sistema de berçário. In: Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Cultivo de Camarão. João Pessoa, PB, pp 369–383
Strickland JDH, Parsons TR (1972) A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fish Research Board of Canada, Ottawa
Tackaert W, Abelin P, Léger P, Sorgeloos P (1989) Stress resistance as a criterium to evaluate quality of postlarvae shrimp reared under different feeding procedures. In: Anais do III Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Cultivo de Camarão. João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, pp 393–403
Tacon AGJ (1990) Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Argent Laboratories Press, Washington DC
Tacon AGJ, Cody JJ, Conquest LD, Divakaran S, Forster IP, Decamp OE (2002) Effect of culture system on the nutrition and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed different diets. Aquac Nut 8:121–137
Thompson FL, Abreu PC, Cavalli RO (1999) The use of microorganisms as food source for Penaeus paulensis larvae. Aquaculture 174:139–153
Thompson FL, Abreu PC, Wasielesky W (2002) Importance of biofilm for water quality and nourishment in intensive shrimp culture. Aquaculture 203:263–278
Tomasso JR (1994) Toxicity of nitrogenous wastes to aquaculture animals. Rev Fish Sci 2:291–314
Tsuzuki MY, Cavalli RO, Bianchini A (2000) The effect of temperature, age and acclimation to salinity on the survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis post larvae. J World Aquac Soc 31:459–468
UNESCO (1983) Chemical methods for use in marine environmental monitoring. Manual and Guides, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Paris
Wang JK (1990) Managing shrimp pond water to reduce discharge problems. Aquac Eng 9:61–73
Wasielesky W (2000) Cultivo de Juvenis do Camarão-Rosa Farfantepenaeus Paulensis (Decapoda, Penaeidae) no Estuário da Lagoa dos Patos: Efeitos de Parâmetros Ambientais e Manejo de Cultivo. Tese de Doutorado. Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Wasielesky W, Marchiori MA (in memorian), Santos MHS (1994) Efeito da amônia no crescimento de pós-larvas do camarão rosa, Penaeus paulensis, Pérez-Farfante, 1967 (Decapoda:Penaeidae). Nauplius 2:99–105
Wasielesky W, Cavalli RO, Santos MHS, Peixoto S (2003) Ten years of research on the development of alternative culture systems for Farfantepenaeus paulensis in southern Brazil. In: Abstracts of the World Aquaculture Society Meeting 2003, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 9–23 May, pp 828
Wasielesky W, Peixoto S, Jensen L, Poersch LH, Bianchini A (2004) Estudo preliminar do cultivo do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis em cercados no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. B Inst Pesca 30:63–70
Wasielesky W, Atwood H, Stokes A, Browdy CL (2006) Effect of natural production in a zero exchange suspended microbial floc-based super-intensive culture system for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 258:396–403
Weirich CR, Browdy CL, Bratvold D, McAbee BJ, Stokes AD (2002) Preliminary characterization of a prototype minimal exchange super-intensive shrimp production system. In: Proceedings of the IVth international conference on recirculating aquaculture. Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, pp 255–270
