Effect of amine catalysts on preparation of nanometric SiO2 particles and antireflective films via sol–gel method
Tóm tắt
SiO2 sols were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate through a one step acid or a two step acid + base catalysis process, in the presence of nitric acid and four different base catalyzers, namely trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine and tributylamine. Hydrolysis of TEOS was followed by FT-IR analyses. Particle size distributions of the sols were evaluated after predetermined durations in 1–22 days. Particle growth was seen to be faster in amine catalyzed systems than in one step acid catalyzed system. The highest rate of growth was in triethylamine catalyzed system. Glass substrates were dip coated with the prepared SiO2 sols. Effect of sol aging duration on film thickness and on light transmittance properties of the films was investigated with respect to type of base catalyst. Thicknesses of the films which were measured to be in the range of 100–400 nm, were seen to increase with aging duration of the sols. Triethylamine catalyzed system presented the highest film thickness. Films obtained from one step acid catalyzed system presented an increase of 4.8%; whereas acid + base catalyzed films provided an increase in the light transmittance of 5.7% in the first 4 days of aging. Surfaces of films were examined by FESEM and AFM. The antireflective character of the films was verified by diffuse reflectance analyses.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wong CP (2005) Study on mono-disperse nano-size silica by surface modification for underfill applications. J Colloid Interf Sci 292:436–444
Li X, Cao Z, Zhang Z, Dang H (2006) Surface-modification in situ of nano-SiO2 and its structure and tribological properties. Appl Surf Sci 252:7856–7861
Rahman IA, Jafarzadeh M, Sipaut CS (2009) Synthesis of organo-functionalized nanosilica via a co-condensation modification using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Ceram Int 35:1883–1888
Nozawa K, Gaihanou H, Raison L, Panizza P, Uskihi H, Sellier E, Delville JP, Delville MH (2005) Smart control of monodisperse sober silica particles: effect of reactant addition rate on growth process. Langmuir 21:1516–1523
Wongcharee K, Brungs M, Chaplin R, Hong YJ, Pillar R, Sizgek E (2002) Sol–gel processing by aging and pore creator addition for porous silica antireflective coatings. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 25:215–221
Lien S, Wuu D, Yeh W, Liu J (2006) Tri-layer antireflection coatings (SiO2/SiO2-TiO2/TiO2) for silicon solar cells using a sol–gel technique. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 90:2710–2719
Abe K, Sanada Y, Morimoto T (2001) Anti-reflective coatings for CRTs by sol–gel process. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 22:151–166
Lin J-H (Zuel) (2005) US Patent 6,929,861, 16 Aug 2005
Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol–gel science. Academic Press, San Diego
Chen D (2001) Anti-reflection (AR) coatings made by sol–gel processes: a review. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 68:313–336
Kesmez Ö, Çamurlu HE, Burunkaya E, Arpaç E (2010) Preparation of antireflective SiO2 nanometric films. Ceram Int 36:391–394
Kesmez Ö, Çamurlu HE, Burunkaya E, Arpaç E (2009) Sol–gel preparation, characterization of anti-reflective, self-cleaning SiO2-TiO2 double-layer nanometric films. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 93:1833–1839
Burunkaya E, Kesmez Ö, Kiraz N, Çamurlu HE, Asiltürk M, Arpaç E (2010) Sn4+ or Ce3+ doped TiO2 photocatalytic nanometric films on antireflective nano-SiO2 coated glass. Mater Chem Phys 120:272–276
Tong H-S, Hu C-M (1996) Multilayer antireflective coating for video display panel. US Patent 5,582,859, 10 Dec 1996
Yoldas BE (Churchill), Partlow DP (Wilkinsburg) (1985) Antireflective graded index silica coating. US Patent 4,535,026, 13 Aug 1985
Brinker CJ, Keefer KD, Schaefer DW, Assink RA, Kay BD, Ashley CS (1984) Sol–gel transition in simple silicates II. J Non-Cryst Solids 63:45–59
Dorcheh AS, Abbasi MH (2008) Silica aerogel; synthesis, properties and characterization. J Mater Process Tech 199:10–26
Wu G, Wang J, Shen J, Yang T, Zhang Q, Zhou B, Deng Z, Fan B, Zhou D, Zhang F (2000) A novel route to control refreactive index of sol–gel derived nano-porous silica films used as broadband antireflective coating. Mater Sci Eng B78:135–139
Vincent A, Babu S, Brinley E, Karakoti A, Deshpande S, Seal S (2007) Role of catalyst on refractive index tunability of porous silica antireflective coatings by sol–gel technique. J Phys Chem C111:8291–8298
Rubio F, Rubio J, Oteo JL (1998) A FT-IR study of the hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). Spectrosc Lett 31:199–219
Schmidt HK, Geiter E, Mennig M, Krug H, Becker C, Winkler R-P (1998) The sol–gel process for nano-technologies: new nanocomposites with interesting optical and mechanical properties. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 13:397–404
Prevo BG, Hwang Y, Velev OD (2005) Convective assembly of antireflective silica coatings with controlled thickness and refractive index. Chem Mater 17:3642–3651
Fowles GR (1989) Introduction to modern optics. Dover Publications, New York