1Department of Academic Surgery, Leeds Institute of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
2Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine
3Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
4Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
5Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
6Aarhus Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
7Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, United Kingdom
8Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy
9School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
10Academic Unit of Health Economics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom